精选英语长难句分析

demanding a teacher’s job is充当，how与形容词demanding相连作从句的表语。注意整个句子使用了与过去相反的虚拟语气，从句为if+had done，主句为would/could/should/might+have done的形式。

【参考译文】 如果说我以前还曾怀疑教师的工作有多吃力，那么当我最近在学校中待了一段时间后，我永远改变了原来的想法。

【难句】4. The teachers who took part in the program also told me of their worries that they might be force-feeding their pupils information rather than stimulating the discussion necessary to ensure they grasped the importance to them of what they were being taught. (The Guardian Sep. 12, 2007)

【结构分析】本句成分复杂。主语The teachers 后跟who引导的定语从句who took part in the program also told me of their worries…作修饰语，关系代词who在从句中作主语。told后我们可以认为是双宾语(对象+内容)，直接宾语部分their worries后跟that引导的名词性从句that they might be force feeding their pupils information rather than stimulating the discussion necessary to ensure…说明worries的具体内容。ensure后面的宾语是一个省略了引导词that的宾语从句they grasped the importance to them of…，grasped的宾语the importance of…被不定式结构to them分隔，of构成的介宾短语的宾语由what引导的名词性从句充当，且从句使用了被动语态的现在进行时。

【参考译文】参与节目的老师们还告诉我，他们担心自己可能是在向学生强行灌输知识与信息，而不是激励他们讨论，以此保证他们能掌握他们所学知识的要领。

【难句】5. The trouble with that approach is that consumers tend to prefer devices that require simply plugging them in, without complicated setups of wireless channels, security, and other features common to home networks. (Business Week Jan. 29, 2007)

【结构分析】 本句主干很清晰，是主系表结构。其中表语部分由that引导的名词性从句that consumers tend to prefer devices…充当。device后是that引导的定语从句 that require simply plugging them in…,关系代词that在从句中作主语。逗号后的介词短语 without complicated setups of wireless channels, security, and other features…作从句中的伴随状语(在翻译时我们可以转译为定语)，句末的形容词结构common to home networks后置作features的定语。

【参考译文】 这一方式的问题在于，消费者更喜欢不需要创立复杂的无线电频道、安全保护以及家庭网络所共有的其他特性，便可以简单插入的装置。

【难句】6. Davies says guidance must strike a balance between being flexible enough to take account of the differences between disciplines and providing enough detail to be of use. (The Guardian Oct. 3, 2007) 【结构分析】本句不难，主句谓语says后是省略了that的宾语从句guidance must strike a balance between being flexible enough to take account of the differences between disciplines and providing enough detail to be of use。注意两个between的使用。第一个between与后面的and 相连，构成being flexible enough to…and providing enough detail to…结构，第二个between后跟disciplines表示“各学科之间”，并且前后都使用了be enough to do的形式。

【参考译文】戴维斯说，指导规范必须在足够灵活考虑各学科的不同点和提供充足的可操作的细节之间寻求一种平衡。

【难句】7. In its 16 years of operation it has found the first convincing evidence for the existence of black holes, made observations supporting the theory that the universe’s expansion is accelerating and confirmed that dark matter exists. (The Economist Nov. 2, 2006)

【结构分析】去掉句首介宾In its 16 years of operation作的时间状语，以and为切入点，得到主句it has found…, made…and confirmed…其中made后的宾语中，包含现在分词结构supporting the theory…作的伴随状语，在此伴随状语中，that引导同位语从句that the universe’s expansion is accelerating解释说明theory的内容；而confirmed后的宾语由that引导的名词性从句that dark matter exists充当。

【参考译文】在它运行的16年中，首次发现了关于黑洞的令人信服的证据，很多观测都支持宇宙加速膨胀的理论并确认暗物质的存在。

三、非谓语动词

【难句】1. The energy used to separate oxygen from air before burning is almost as great as that needed to filter out nitrogen afterwards, leading to a similar loss of efficiency. (The Economist Nov. 30, 2006)

【结构分析】本句是一个简单句，为一个主系表结构The energy is almost as great as that needed to filter out nitrogen afterwards，使用了as…as…结构，其中被比较的对象that needed to filter out nitrogen afterwards中，that指代上文的energy，过去分词结构needed to…作后置定语体现被动。其中主语energy由过去分词结构used to separate oxygen from air before burning 作后置定语体现被动；句末的现在分词结构leading to a similar loss of efficiency作全句的结果状语。

【参考译文】 燃烧前将氧气从空气中分离所需的能源几乎不亚于上述将氮气过滤所需的耗费，这就使得两者在效率损失上不相上下。

【难句】2. Some great manufacturers and great service companies may have become too lean in their relentless drive to reduce costs, outsourcing not just their non-core activities but essential ones too. (The Economist Jun. 15, 2006)

【结构分析】本句不难，逗号前为主句Some great manufacturers and great service companies may have become too lean in their relentless drive to reduce costs,使用了too…to…结构，句末的现在分词结构outsourcing not just their non-core activities but essential ones too作伴随状语，进一步补充说明reduce costs的具体内容。

【参考译文】有些大的制造商和服务供应商热衷于降低成本，不仅把非核心业务外包，而且连核心业务也不放过。

【难句】3. The study shows that nearly half the organizations featured in the Times Top 100 Graduate Employers plan to expand their graduate programs this year, increasing the total number of vacancies available for new graduates by more than 10 percent compared with 2006 recruitment levels. (The Sunday Times Jan. 11, 2007)

【结构分析】 本句是复合句。逗号前为主句，是主谓宾结构，其中谓语shows的宾语由that引导的名词性从句that nearly half the organizations featured in the Times Top 100 Graduate Employers plan to expand their graduate programs this year充当。现在分词结构increasing the total number of vacancies available

for new graduates by more than 10 percent compared with 2006 recruitment levels作状语，我们可以理解其为结果状语，注意增加的幅度用介词by表示。句末的过去分词结构compared with 2006 recruitment levels作比较状语。

【参考译文】研究表明，《时代》排名前100名的毕业生雇主单位中有将近一半计划今年将扩大毕业生接收规模，为新的毕业生增加可利用的空缺职位数量，这个数量与2006年的新成员水平相比，会增加10%以上。

【难句】4. The trouble is, as soon as you’ve been given a clean bill of health you’re back at your desk, facing the same situation that led to depression and compulsive behavior problems in the first place. (Times Online Jan. 11, 2007)

【结构分析】 本句主干是一个主系表结构The trouble is…，其中表语部分由从句充当。在表语从句中，包含as soon as引导的时间状语从句as soon as you’ve been given a clean bill of health，翻译为“一……就……”。现在分词短语facing the same situation…作you’re back at your desk的伴随状语，关系代词that引导的定语从句 that led to depression and compulsive behavior problems in the first place修饰先行词the same situation，that在从句中作主语。

【参考译文】 问题是，一旦你得到清楚的健康证明，你就得立刻回到你的办公桌，并且首先就要面对与原来曾导致沮丧和强迫性行为问题的同样的情形。

【难句】5. Drivers can instruct their car stereos to “play similar”， prompting the system to call up songs in the same musical genre. (Business Week Feb. 5, 2007)

【结构分析】 本句结构清晰，主干是一个主谓宾结构：Drivers can instruct their car stereos to“play similar”，其中不定式结构to “play similar”构成了instruct their cars的复合宾语。现在分词结构prompting the system to call up songs in the same musical genre作instruct their car stereos to “play similar”的状语，我们可以理解为结果状语，在这里，prompt后也采用了不定式结构to call up songs in the same musical genre与the system一起构成复合宾语的形式。

【参考译文】 驾驶者可以指令车内立体声设备“播放相似音乐”，提示系统集合相同风格的音乐。

【难句】6. Having succeeded as a convenient vehicle for every conceivable political and commercial slogan, the threads themselves are becoming the newest message, logically enough. (Time Jan. 18, 2007)

【结构分析】本句为主从复合句。主句中的主语与从句中的主语一致，从句中省去主谓，造成分词作伴随状语的形式，我们可以还原为since the threads have succeeded as…主句部分是the threads themselves are becoming the newest message,句末的 logically enough是状语，在翻译时，我们可以转译为be becoming the newest message的补充部分。

【参考译文】成功作为政治和商业口号的一种便捷媒介物，(T恤)衣服本身也成了最新的信息，这种情况(的发生)合乎逻辑。

【难句】7. Some of the biggest venture capital firms are raising large funds, targeting more established companies, and increasingly setting their sights abroad. (Business Week Feb. 5, 2007)

【结构分析】 本句结构清晰，主句为Some of the biggest venture capital firms are raising large funds,两个现在分词结构targeting more established

companies和increasingly setting their sights abroad由and并列，作全句的伴随状语。

【参考译文】 某些大的风险投资公司正在筹集大量的资金，他们的目标是已经稳定的企业，并且日益将目光投向海外市场。

四、分隔结构

【难句】1. Adding a Bluetooth chip to a phone now costs very little—around $2, down from $20 in2001—but allows the manufacturer to increase the price of the handset by far more, and opens up a new market for high-margin accessories. (The Economist Jun. 8, 2006)

【结构分析】 本句是典型的破折号分隔。首先以连词为切入点，得到Adding a Bluetooth chip to a phone now costs…but allows…, and opens up…，介词短语around $2, down from $20 in 2001充当的分隔成分作上文costs very little的具体解释说明，分隔了前两个并列的谓语。

【参考译文】 在手机里添加一个蓝牙芯片的成本很低——从2001年时的20美元下降到2美元左右——但是可以允许制造者提高远远高出这个的价格，并且打开了一个高利润附件的市场。

【难句】2. It was refreshing, across the age groups of the children I met, to see how quickly they grasped the whole idea of human rights and how, with a little bit of prompting from their teachers and me, they saw how relevant they were to their daily lives. (The Guardian Sep. 12, 2007)

【结构分析】 本句使用了两处分隔，均由逗号表现。第一处分隔across the age groups of the children I met,分隔了主系表结构的一种特殊形式，即形容词+to do作表语。去掉分隔部分，我们得到It was refreshing to see how quickly they grasped the whole idea of human rights and how, with a little bit of prompting from their teachers and me, they saw how relevant they were to their daily lives。这里我们注意到see后面的宾语由两个how引导的从句充当：how quickly they grasped the whole idea of human rights and how…清晰看到第二处分隔为介宾短语with a little bit of prompting from their teachers and me作的伴随状语。去掉分隔，得到It was refreshing to see how quickly they grasped the whole idea of human rights and how they saw how relevant they were to their daily lives，即由and并列的两个how引导的宾语从句。在第二个从句中，谓语say后仍然是由how引导的名词性从句how relevant they were to their daily lives充当宾语。在翻译时，我们可将两个分隔部分所作的状语提前。

【参考译文】 在我所见到的同年龄段的孩子们中，在我和他们的老师只给了一点儿提示的情况下，见证他们如何快速地领会人权的整体观念，如何认识到人权与他们的生活密切相关，这一点是非常让人兴奋的。

【难句】3. What was interesting was how quickly, by using relevant and local examples where possible, the pupils cottoned on to how the interplay of rights and responsibilities could affect their lives, and so became active and engaged participants in the classroom debates. (The Guardian Sep. 12, 2007)

【结构分析】 本句体现了逗号分隔。主语部分由what引导的名词性从句充当，what在从句中作主语。表语由how引导的从句充当，被插入的方式状语by using relevant and local examples where possible分隔。去掉分隔，我们连接为What was interesting was how quickly the pupils cottoned on to how the

interplay of rights and responsibilities could affect their lives, and so became active and engaged participants in the classroom debates。注意表语从句由and so连接了两个谓语cottoned on(理解)和became active and engaged participants，并且cottoned on to(理解)后的宾语也由how引导的从句充当。在翻译时，我们仍然将分隔部分所作的状语提前。

【参考译文】 有意思的是，通过讲述可能发生在身边与自己息息相关的例子，学生们很快地理解了权利与责任间的相互作用是怎样影响他们的生活，然后更积极主动地参加课堂讨论。

【难句】4. It is only when the environment demands our attention—a dog barks, a child cries, a telephone rings—that our mental time machines switch themselves off and deposit us with a bump in the here and now. (Time Jan. 19, 2007)

【结构分析】 本句是破折号分隔。分隔部分a dog barks, a child cries, a telephone rings分隔了原本的强调句型It is only when the environment demands our attention that our mental time machines switch themselves off and deposit us with a bump in the here and now。被强调的部分是when引导的状语从句表示时间。分隔部分由三个并列的名词短语构成，举例说明前文the environment的具体情况。

【参考译文】 只有在环境需要我们的注意的时候——狗在吠，孩子哭，电话铃响——我们的精神时间机制才会自动关闭，且让我们在此时此地受到一击。

【难句】5. Nokia, which has made emerging markets a priority, continues to introduce low-cost phones designed for markets where many users do not have access to reliable electricity, and may not even be able to read. (Business Week Jan. 29, 2007)

【结构分析】 本句是逗号分隔，体现为非限制性定语从句。which has made emerging markets a priority分隔了主谓部分，去掉分隔，得到Nokia continues to introduce low-cost phones designed for markets where many users do not have access to reliable electricity, and may not even be able to read。我们注意到markets后是一个关系副词where引导的定语从句where many users do not have access to reliable electricity，and may not even be able to read，where在从句中作状语，相当于in which。在翻译时，我们根据汉语习惯，将定语从句转译为全句的状语，并根据其使用了完成时态翻译为“……后”。

【参考译文】 在新兴市场中取得了优先地位后，诺基亚继续引进低成本的手机，这些手机是针对不能获得可靠电力甚至可能是不识字的使用者构成的市场而设计的。

五、被动语态

【难句】1. Car drivers can buy electro-petrol hybrids but aircraft are, for now, stuck with kerosene, because its energy-density makes it the only practical fuel to carry around in the air. (The Economist Jun. 8, 2006)

【结构分析】 以连词but为切入点，本句包含两个并列分句。其中第二个并列分句aircraft are, for now, stuck with kerosene, because its energy-density makes it the only practical fuel to carry around in the air包含because引导的原因状语从句，使用了make it sth。(使它成为……)结构，主句aircraft are, for now,