松涛水利枢纽施工导流综合方案施工组织设计摘要
本设计来源于实际工程——松涛水利枢纽，松涛水利枢纽位于柳河干流上的松涛峡，系一级建筑物，由河床混凝土重力坝、溢洪道，右岸土坝和坝后厂房等部分组成。枢纽主要任务是发电，共装三台机组，每台机组15万吨，发电的最低水位为500m，相应库容为19.5亿m3。
本设计的主要任务是根据工程基本设计资料和其他要求，对松涛水利枢纽施工导流综合方案进行施工组织设计。设计内容是：根据基本资料设计施工导流方案，选择合理的导流方式；隧洞设计，堵头设计，爆破设计，出渣运输设计。
本设计的原则和目的是：通过此次毕业设计，使所学过的知识得到巩固、加强、扩大和系统化，同时加强和提高运用理论知识解决实际工程问题的独立工作能力，并初步掌握进行水利枢纽和水工建筑物的设计思想、设计程序、设计原则、步骤和方法，培养学生使用有关设计规范、手册、参考文献以及分析计算、绘图和编写设计说明书等基本技能，并有助于培养和建立正确的设计思想，实事求是，刻苦专研，通过自己的努力从中受益，为尽快适应将来的工作和学习打下坚实的基础。 关键词：施工导流；隧洞；爆破
The Instruction of The Design
The design originally stems from the actual project--the SongTao Hydro Project which is located in the SongTao Gorge of the LiuHe River.The project is a Hydraulic Structures,which is consist of the riverbed concrete gravity dam, the spillway, the earth dam on the right bank and the dam plant behind the dam,etc.
The main task of this design is according to the basic engineering design data and other requirements, to the song tao water conservancy construction diversion schemes for the comprehensive construction organization design. Design content is: according to the basic data of construction diversion scheme design, choosing reasonable diversion; Tunnel design, plug design, blasting design, slag transport design.
The principle and the purpose of this design is: through this graduation design, make the learned knowledge consolidated, strengthen and expand and systematically, at the same time to strengthen and improve the theoretical knowledge to solve practical engineering problems of the ability to work independently, and preliminary grasp of water conservancy hub and hydraulic structure design idea, design procedure, design principles, steps and methods of training students' use of relevant design specifications, manuals, and reference documents as well as the analysis and calculation, drawing and writing the design specification, such as basic skills. Key words: construction diversion; Tunnel; blastin
目录
1 基本资料 .................................................................................................... 1
1.1 流域概况 ............................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 施工场地及运输条件 ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 气候特征 ............................................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 水文条件 ............................................................................................................................................... 4 1.5 工程地质条件 ....................................................................................................................................... 6 1.6 当地建筑材料 ....................................................................................................................................... 7 1.7 坝体混凝土主要特征 ........................................................................................................................... 7 1.8 其他资料 ............................................................................................................................................... 8
2 施工导流设计 ............................................................................................ 9
2.1 施工导流方式与适用条件 ................................................................................................................... 9 2．2 导流方案确定 ...................................................................................................................................11
3 隧洞设计 .................................................................................................. 14
3.1 导流隧洞的布置 ................................................................................................................................. 14 3.2 隧洞的断面形式与尺寸 ..................................................................................................................... 15 3.3 隧洞的进口高程及坡降 ..................................................................................................................... 17 3.4 隧洞进口的设计 ................................................................................................................................. 17 3.5 隧洞出口的设计 ................................................................................................................................. 18 3.6 隧洞的水力计算 ................................................................................................................................. 19 3.7 隧洞流态的判断 ................................................................................................................................. 19 3.8 隧洞堵头的设计 ................................................................................................................................. 21
4 隧洞的施工设计 ...................................................................................... 25
4.1 隧洞开挖方式的比较及选取 ............................................................................................................. 25 4.2 隧洞的开挖程序 ................................................................................................................................. 26 4.3 隧洞开挖方法的确定 ......................................................................................................................... 27 4.4 平洞的衬砌和支护施工 ..................................................................................................................... 28
5 爆破设计 .................................................................................................. 29
5.1 炮孔类型及其作用 ............................................................................................................................. 29 5.2 炮孔形式 ............................................................................................................................................. 30 5.3 炮孔的布置 ......................................................................................................................................... 31
6 爆破安全设计 ........................................................................................ 32
6.1 钻孔爆破的基本参数 ......................................................................................................................... 32 6.2导洞中下层大断面深孔爆破设计 ...................................................................................................... 35
7 隧洞的衬砌设计 .................................................................................... 37
7.1 衬砌的作用 ......................................................................................................................................... 37 7.2 衬砌的类型 ......................................................................................................................................... 37 7.3新奥法施工的基本原理 ...................................................................................................................... 37 7.4 隧洞喷锚支护设计 ............................................................................................................................. 38 7.5 锚杆形式的运用及计算 ..................................................................................................................... 39 7.6 喷混凝土施工工艺及流程 ................................................................................................................. 41
8 出渣运输设计 .......................................................................................... 43
8.1 出渣方式与设备的选定 ..................................................................................................................... 43 8.2 内外交通 ............................................................................................................................................. 49
参考资料 ........................................................................................................ 51
1 基本资料
1.1 流域概况
松涛水利枢纽位于柳河干流上的松涛峡，系一级建筑物，由河床混凝土重力坝、溢洪道，右岸土坝和坝后厂房等部分组成。枢纽主要任务是发电，共装三台机组，每台机组15万吨，发电的最低水位为500m，相应库容19.5亿m3。枢纽的右岸适当位置布置有排砂放空洞，可满足封孔蓄水期对游供水100m3/s流量的要求。 1.2 施工场地及运输条件
1.2.1 施工场地
坝址距下游的仙州市河道长约100km，直线距离约50km，坝址附近皆为高山峡谷地区。松涛峡长约12km，上下游均有比较平坦的山间盆地，可作为施工场地。
枢纽选定坝址位于峡谷尾部，距峡谷出口约1.7km，坝区河床两岸山坡陡峻，成V字形。左岸坡度45°～80°，陡缓相间；右岸坡度60°～85°，两岸山顶均为黄土覆盖。
坝址河床高程一般为410m，枯水季一般水位为418m，河面宽50～60m，深化偏右岸，最深约10m。坝址左岸山峰起伏高出河面约150m以上。右岸坝头附近为一狭小丘陵阶地，高出河面约110m左右。与坝区阶地相连的就是地形平坦面积宽阔的李家台四级阶地，高程560～580m。
自峡谷出口起，两岸地势逐渐开阔，呈狭长的二级阶地，高程约430～440m，沿柳河右岸距坝址约8km的旧镇，附近有宽阔平坦的二级阶地。
坝内河谷两岸有很多冲沟，左岸主要有坝址下游200m处的滑沟；右岸主要有坝址上游150m处的红柳沟，下游的刘家沟、金沟和银沟等。这些冲沟切割既深且短，均系沿断层及节理裂隙发育而成，与河谷多成70°～80°的交角。由于这些冲沟的切割，使坝区地形变得非常复杂，给施工场地布置造成一定困难。
坝区附近可供施工场地布置的地段，有右岸李家沟，峡谷出口下游右岸的明坝和左岸的易家湾等阶地，各地段特性如表1.1所示。
表1.1 各地段特性表
距坝址离 （km） 1．5 2．5 3.0 8.0 可利用面积 高 程 (km2) 1．2 0．5 0.3 2.0 （m） 565～580 430～440 430～440 425～460 顺序 名 称 1 李家沟 2 明 坝 3 易家湾 4 旧镇 位 置 右岸坝址下游 右岸坝址下游 左岸坝址下游 右岸坝址下游
松涛水利枢纽施工导流综合方案施工组织设计设计精品
