圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台阅读理解B节高分特训20篇第3章◆完形填句(段)题Passage1Inmostpeople’smind,growthisassociatedwithprosperity．1)______Equallyaxiomatic,however,isthenotionthatincreasedpressureondwindlingnaturalresourcesmustinevitablyleadtoadeclineinprosperity,especiallywhenaccompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation．so,whichiscorrect?Whatgrowthadvocatesmean,primarily,whentheysaygrowthisnecessaryforprosperityisthatgrowthisnecessaryforthesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystem．InonearenatheargumentinfavorofgrowthisparticularlycompellingandthatiswithregardtotheThirdWorld．2)______Butisit?Coulditbethatgrowth,especiallythegrowthofthewealthiercountries,hascontributedtotheimpoverishment,nottheadvancement,ofThirdWorldcountries?Ifnot,howdoweaccountforthedesperatestraitsthesecountriesfindthemselvesintodayafteracenturyofdedicationtogrowth?3)______WhatgoodisgrowthtothepeopleoftheThirdWorldifitmeanstheconversionofpeasantfarmsintomechanizedagribusinessesproducingcommoditiesnotforlocalconsumptionbutforexport,ifitmeansthestrippingoftheirlandofitsmineralandothernaturaltreasurestothebenefitofforeigninvestorsandahandfuloftheirlocalcollaborators,ifitmeanstheassumptionofacrushingforeignindebtedness,theproceedsofwhichgoesnotintothe1/166圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台developmentofthecountrybutintothepurchaseofexpensivecarsandthebuyingofluxuriousresidenceinMiami?Admittedly,thisisanoversimplification．Butthepoint,Ibelieve,remainsvalid:thatgrowthinunderdevelopedcountriescannotsimplybejudgedintheabstract;itmustbejudgedbasedonthetruenatureofgrowthinthesesocieties,onwhobenefitsandwhoisharmed,onwheregrowthisleadingthesepeopleandwhereithasleftthem．4)______So,doweneedgrowthforprosperity?Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer．Butthatisatestnoteasilyundertaken．Moderneconomiesareincrediblycomplexphenomena,atributetoman'sabilitytoorganizeandachallengetohisabilitytounderstand．5)______Butiftheprospectofleapingintotheeconomicunknownisfear-inspiring,equallysoistheprospectoflettingthatfearpreventusfromactingwhenthefailuretoactcouldmeanuntoldmiseryforfuturegenerationsandperhapsenvironmentalcatastropheswhichthreatenourveryexistence.[A]Whenconsideredinthisway,itjustmightbethatinthepresentcontextgrowthismoredetrimentaltothewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearththanbeneficial.[B]ToseehowthismightbethecasewemustlookattheimpactofgrowthonThirdWorldcountries-thereality,nottheabstractstages-of-economic-growththeoryadvocatedthroughrose-coloredglassesbyacademiciansofthedevelopedworld.2/166圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台[C]SomeThirdWorldcountriesconsidergrowthasthepathtoprosperity,butothersdonotthinkso.[D]WejudgehowwelltheeconomyisdoingbythesizeoftheGrossNationalProduct(GNP),ameasure,supposedly,ofgrowth.[E]Toargueagainstgrowth,otherthanpopulationgrowth,inlightofThirdWorldpovertyanddegradationseemscallous.[F]Anythingthataffectstheirfunctioning,suchasapolicyofzerogrowth,shouldnotbeproposedwithoutawaryprudenceandaself-doubtinghumility.[G]Somepeoplethinkthattheprosperityoftheeconomyshouldbejudgedonlybythegrowthofit.「答案详解」1.D该空格前提到，大多数人认为经济增长与繁荣相关联；结合空格后表转折的连词however可知，空格处所选内容应与thenotionthat…构成转折关系，是对前一句的进一步说明，且与“增长”(growth)或“繁荣”(prosperity)有关，选项中只有D与此相符。2.E该空格前提到繁荣离不开经济增长，并引入了第三世界这一话题；空格后借助表转折关系的连词but指出，相对富裕国家的经济增长可能会导致第三世界的贫穷而不是进步，由此推断，空格处所选内容应与第三世界的经济增长和贫困有关，且与but后的内容相对，结合选项可知应选E。3.B该空格之前的一段指出，发达国家的经济增长可能是导致第三世界国家贫穷的原因；空格后具体说明了发达国家的经济增长给第三世界人民造成的不利影响，由此推断，空格处所选内容应该是对下文提到的具体影响的概括，且起到承接上文3/166圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台的作用，结合选项可知B符合文意。4.A作者在该空格前具体指出了欠发达国家经济增长的评判标准，结合空格后的so(那么)可知，空格处所选内容应该与下文提到的“growth”(经济增长)有关，且应该是依据作者在上文中提到的评判标准而得出的结论，A项刚好与之相符，其中consideredinthisway指的就是依照上文的评判标准考虑经济增长。5.F该空格前提到，现代经济极为复杂；空格后借助表转折关系的连词but说明了跨入未知经济状况的不良后果，由此推断，空格处所选内容应该与人们对待经济的谨慎态度有关，选项中只有F与之相符，其中theirfunctioning指代moderneconomies’functioning。Passage2Manyscientistshavewonderedwhetherthereissomequirkinthewaydepressionisinherited,suchasadepressedparentorgrandparentismorelikelytopassonapredispositionforthedisordertofemalethantomaledescendants．Basedonstudiesthattracefamilyhistoriesofdepression,theanswertothatquestionappearstobeno．1)______.Simplytracingfamilyhistories,though,withoutconsideringenvironmentalinfluences,mightnotofferacompletepictureofhowdepressionisinherited.Indeed,KennethS．KendlerandhiscolleaguesattheMedicalCollegeofVirginiafoundinastudyof2060femaletwinsthatgeneticsmightcontributetohowwomenrespondtoenvironmentalpressures．Theresearchersexaminedtwinswithandwithoutafamilyhistoryofdepression;sometwinsinbothgroupshad4/166圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台recentlyundergoneatrauma,suchasthedeathofalovedoneoradivorce．Theinvestigatorsfoundthatamongthewomenwhodidnothaveafamilyhistoryofdepression,stressfuleventsraisedtheirriskfordepressionbyonly6percent．2)______.Asimilarstudyhasnotbeendoneinmen,leavingopenthequestionofwhetherenvironmentalstressandgeneticriskfordepressioninteractsimilarlyinbothsexes．Butresearchisbeingdone,todeterminewhethermenandwomengenerallyexperiencesimilaramountsandtypesofstress．Studiesofkeyhormoneshintthattheydonot,Hormonesarenotnewtodepressionresearchers．Manyhavewonderedwhetherthegonadalsteroidsestrogenandprogesterone—whosecyclicfluctuationsinwomenregulatemenstruation—mightputwomenatagreaterriskfordepression．Thereareatleasttwowaysinwhichtheymightdoso.First,becauseofdifferencesbetweentheXandYchromosomes,maleandfemalebrainsareexposedtodifferenthormonalmilieus．3)______.Indeed,animalexperimentsshowthatearlyhormonalinfluenceshavemarkedbehavioralconsequenceslateron,althoughthephenomenonisofcoursedifficulttostudyinhumans.Second,thefactthatpostpuberalmenandwomenhavedifferentlevelsofcirculatinggonadsteroidsmightsomehowpullwomenathigherriskfordepression．Researchshowsgirlsbecomemoresusceptibletodepressionthanboysonlyafterpuberty,whentheybeginmenstruatingandexperiencehormonalfluxes．4)______.5/166
考研英语(一)过关必做800题-第三章至第四章【圣才出品】
