高考英语语法填空考点讲解与真题分析
专题24真题回顾（三）
Passage 11
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2017全国II）
In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ___61___ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ___62___ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, ___63___ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over___64___ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced. Steam engines ___65___ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been ___66___ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using ___67___ every day.
Later, engineers ___68___ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the ___69___ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most ___70___ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public. 61. 【答案】crowds
【解析】句意：它运行不到7公里，却使人们上下班途中避免了路面上的拥堵。crowd意为“人群”，是可数名词，在此作avoid的宾语。因前面没有冠词，应用复数形式。 62. 【答案】from
【解析】句意：地下铁路不到七公里，却让人们上下班时避免了在路面上的拥堵。to and from意为“来回”。 63. 【答案】laying
【解析】句意：这包括挖掘路面，铺设铁轨，然后在上面建一个结实的顶。Laying与前面的digging和后面的building共同作included的宾语。 64. 【答案】the
【解析】句意：这包括挖掘路面，铺设铁轨，然后在上面建一个结实的顶。这里表示特指，应用定冠词the。
65. 【答案】were used
【解析】句意：蒸汽机被用来牵引车厢，由于蒸汽机放出的浓烟和发出的噪音，乘客一定很不舒服。这里说的是早期的地铁，是过去的事，用一般过去时；steam engines和use是被动关系，应用被动语态，故应填入一般过去时的被动语态were used。 66. 【答案】fairly
【解析】句意：用蒸汽机来牵引车厢，对乘客来说，蒸汽机放出的黑烟和发出的噪音一定很不舒服。这里作状语，修饰形容词unpleasant，应用副词。fair的副词形式是fairly。 67. 【答案】it
【解析】句意：然而，铁路很快被证实是个巨大的成功，而且不到半年，每天乘坐火车的人超过了两万五千人。这里指代前面提到的railway，故用it。 68. 【答案】managed
【解析】句意：后来，工程师在隧道系统建筑铁路，这就是我们所熟知的地铁。这里说的是早期的地铁，是过去的事，用一般过去时。 69. 【答案】introduction
【解析】句意：这一发展只有在引了进电机车和电梯才成为可能。作介词with的宾语，应用名词；introduce的名词形式是introduction，introduction在此作“引进”讲，是不可数名词。 70. 【答案】successful
【解析】句意：伦敦中心地铁是这些新线路中最成功的线路之一，并于1900年投入运营。后有比较的范围of these new lines，前面有the most，因此这里用形容词，与the most构成最高级。success的形容词形式是successful。
Passage 12
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2017全国III）
She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term ___61___ (rest). Instead, she is earning $6500 a day as ___62___ model in New York. Sarah ___63___ (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, ___64___ has taken part in shows along with top models wants ___65___ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her ___66___ (educate). She has turned down several ___67___ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree ___68___ engineering or architecture. Sarah says, \___69___ (come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is ___70___ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model any more.\61. 【答案】resting
【解析】句意：但是与她校友不同 的是，十六岁的莎拉没有用半学期时间休息。这里是spend time doing sth结构。 62. 【答案】a
【解析】句意：相反，她在纽约当模特一天能挣六千五百美元。model是可数名词，在此泛指某一（个），故用不定冠词。 63. 【答案】was told
【解析】句意：莎拉被告知在新的一年她会成为英国超级模特，收入一百万美金。由宾语从句的谓语动词could be可知，应用一般过去时；Sarah和tell之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。tell是不规则动词，其过去分词是told，一般过去时的被动语态是was told。 64. 【答案】who
【解析】句意：莎拉和一些顶级模特参加时装表演，但是她想证明她不仅貌美而且聪明。这是一个复合句，主句是But Sarah wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty，从句是 has taken part in shows along with top models。从句修饰Sarah，是一个非限制性定语从句。关系词在从句中作主语，且指人，故用who引导定语从句(that虽然也可以指人，但不能引导非限制性定语从句)。 65. 【答案】to prove
【解析】句意：但是莎拉想证明她不但漂亮，而且还有思想，她已经和高级模特一起参加了表演。want后接不定式，表示“想要做……”。 66. 【答案】education
【解析】句意：她决定继续她的学业。作介词with的宾语，应用名词；educate的名词形式是education，是不可数名词。 67. 【答案】invitations
真题回顾(三)-2020年高考英语语法填空考点讲解与真题分析(解析版)
