人教版高中英语必修四
[语法初识]
原句感知 自主探究 ①．．． I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously． (1)动词-ing形式在句中可作伴随状语②I stood for a minute watching them and then went to (句①、②、③、④、⑤)，时间状语(句greet them． ③She stepped back appearing surprised ．．． ⑥)，结果状语(句⑦)，原因状语(句⑧、④Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, ⑨)。 together with George Cook from Canada． ing短语为一般式，表示动⑤When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing (2)若动词-through the door ．．． 作与谓语动词同时发生(句⑧)；若动词⑥Turning around, she saw an ambulance driving -ing短语为完成式，表示动作发生在away． ⑦The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the 谓语动词之前(句⑨)。 project unfinished． (3)动词-ing形式的逻辑主语都是句子⑧Hearing the news, they immediately set off． 的主语(句①～⑨)。 ⑨Having written a letter, I listened to music for a while． [语法剖析]
语法点一 现在分词作状语的用法 现在分词(短语)在句中作状语用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。
1．作时间状语
现在分词作时间状语时，常放在句首，相当于一个时间状语从句。 Hearing the noise, I turned round．
＝When I heard the noise, I turned round． 听到响声我转过身去。 2．作原因状语
现在分词作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句，也可以放在句首。 Being poor, he couldn't afford a TV set．
＝Because he was poor, he couldn't afford a TV set． 由于贫穷，他买不起一台电视机。 3．作条件状语
现在分词作条件状语时，相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。 Working hard, you'll certainly succeed．
＝ If you work hard, you'll certainly succeed． 只要努力学习，你肯定会成功的。 4．作结果状语
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人教版高中英语必修四
现在分词作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。
The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage． 大火持续了一整夜，造成了巨大损失。
[点津] 现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。试比较：
He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch cold． 被雨淋后他感冒了。
I hurried to school, only to find it was Sunday． 我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。 5．作让步、方式和伴随状语
现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列句。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book．
＝Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book． 玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。
即时演练1
1－1．用现在分词作状语改写下列句子
①When she turned around, she saw a car driving up． →Turningaround , she saw a car driving up． ②They stood there and waited for the bus． →They stood there, waitingfor the bus．
③As he was ill, he couldn't attend the meeting． →Beingill,_he couldn't attend the meeting． 1－2．完成句子
④(湖南高考改编)There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, staring_at_the_night_sky (凝视着夜空)．
⑤Being_too_old (因为年老), he couldn't take a plane．
语法点二 现在分词作状语的注意事项 1．现在分词的时态 现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(having done)。
(1)当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用分词的一般式。 Walking in the street, I met an old friend of mine．
我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生) (2)当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用分词的完成式。 Having finished the letter, he went to post it．
他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的)
即时演练2
用所给动词的适当形式填空
①Seeing_(see) nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note．
②Having_suffered (suffer) such heavy pollution, it may now be too late to clean up the river． ③Having_lived (live) in Beijing for years, I almost know every place quite well．
④(江西高考改编)Having_spent (spend) nearly all our money, we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel．
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人教版高中英语必修四
2．现在分词的语态
使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。
Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy．(现在分词的被动式) 被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。
Having finished his homework, he went to bed．(现在分词的主动式) 完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。
即时演练3
3－1．用所给动词的适当形式填空
①Being_talked (talk) to, you should look into the eyes of the person．
②Having_been_told (tell) for several times, he still couldn't understand the rules． ③Hearing (hear) the bad news, she didn't know what to do． 3－2．单句改错
④(重庆高考改编)Being asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film． Being_asked→Having_been_asked 3．动词-ing 形式的否定式：not ＋v．-ing; not having ＋ v．-ed
Not knowing this, he didn't come． 他不知道这件事，所以没来。
Not having made full preparations, we put off the sports meeting． 因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。 4．独立主格 动词-ing形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，
通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。
All the students having sat down, the lecture began． 所有学生坐好之后，讲座开始了。 The new year coming, we were happy． 新年来了，我们很高兴。
The regulation permitting, I will go with you． 制度允许的话，我就和你去。
即时演练4
4－1．用现在分词的独立主格结构改写下列句子 ①If weather permits, we shall go there on foot． →Weatherpermitting,_we shall go there on foot． ②After Mary came back, they discussed it together． →Marycomingback,_they discussed it together． 4－2．完成句子
③(江苏高考改编)The_lecture_having_been_given (讲座结束后), a lively question-and-answer session followed．
④Spring_coming_on (春天来了), the trees turned green． 5．现在分词作评注性状语
有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generally speaking “一般来说”，judging by/from ．．．“从……判断”，taking everything into consideration “从全盘考虑”。
Judging from his behaviour, he must be mad． 从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。
Generally speaking, girls are more interested in literature than boys． 一般来说，女孩比男孩对文学更感兴趣。
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人教版高中英语必修四
[链接高考]
用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．(2016·北京高考)Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, turning (turn) the old town into a dreamland．
2．(2016·天津高考)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, making (make) air conditioning unnecessary．
3．(2015·天津高考)Having_worked (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule．
4．(2015·重庆高考)Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way using (use) the sun and the stars．
5．(2015·湖北高考)Looking (look) at the beef being cooked on the stove, the mother pictured the whole family having meals together．
6．(2015·湖南高考)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, wondering (wonder) whether to stay or leave．
7．(2014·福建高考)Having_spent (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age．
[针对演练]
Ⅰ．用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．Pressed from his parents, and realizing (realize) that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games．
2．Disappearing (disappear) from view day by day, the singer is turning to his memories for comfort．
3．Gathering (gather) around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people．
4．More highways have been built in China, making (make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another．
5．Not_having_completed (complete) the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks．
6．Judging (judge) from the appearance, it is very peaceful, but in fact, a war will break out soon．
7．The decision having_been_made (make), what is to be done now is how to carry it out． 8．Tasting_ (taste) good and sweet, this kind of pear was soon sold out in the market． 9．He sat in a chair under the shade of the tree, reading (read) a novel．
10．The old man, having_worked (work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland．
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．The students walked on the street, talking_and_laughing． 学生们走在街上，又说又笑。
2．Hearing_the_news,_he couldn't help laughing． 一听到那个消息，他禁不住大笑起来。
3．Having_worked_hard_for_many_years,_he finally achieved his dream． 努力工作了很多年后，他终于实现了梦想。
4．The child slipped and fell, hitting_his_head_against_the_door． 那男孩滑了一跤，头撞到了门上。
5．Having_been_told_many_times,_he still didn't learn these rules by heart． 尽管被告知了很多次，他还是没把这些规定记下来。
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人教版高中英语必修四
Ⅲ．短文改错 Dear classmates，
I think it was very necessary for us to talk about friendship at the meeting today． As a member of society, we need friend and friendship． Healthy friendship may help people get on well and benefit one another． On contrary, unhealthy friendship may bring up bad things． For example, some so-called friends often smoke or drinking together． They never point out of each
other's mistakes． So deeds are against school rules． In fact, they are doing harms to their friends． In mine opinion, friends should help each other． Additional, we should encourage each other so that we may learn well and achieve great success．
【答案】第一句：was→is或去掉was 第二句：friend→friends
第四句：On后加the; up→about或去掉up 第五句：drinking→drink 第六句：去掉of 第七句：So→Such 第八句：harms→harm 第九句：mine→my
第十句：Additional→Additionally
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高中英语人教版必修四教学案：Unit 4 Section 3含答案
