promotion of employment, form a reasonable and orderly pattern of income distribution, build a more fair and sustainable social security systems, medical and health system reform. The plenary, innovation of social governance, must focus on the maintenance of fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, maximize factors, enhance social development, improving social governance, the interests of national security, ensure that the people live and work, social stability and order. o improve social governance, stimulating social organization, innovative and effective system of preventing and resolving social conflicts, improving the public security system, set up the National Security Council, national security systems and national security strategy to ensure national security. Plenary session, the construction of ecological civilization, you must establish systems of ecological system, using the system to protect the ecological environment. o improve natural resources asset property right system and use control, red line of delimitation of ecological protection, resources paid use system and ecological compensation system in ecological environment protection management system reform. Plenary session, centering on building a listening party command, can win and having a fine style of the people's army, a strong army under the new situation of the party Goals, restricting the development of national defense and army building is solved outstanding contradictions and problems, innovation and development of military theory, enhance military strategic guidance, improve the military strategy in the new period, building a modern military force system with Chinese characteristics. o deepen the adjustment of personnel system reform in the army, military policy and system reform, promote the development of military and civilian integration depth. Plenary session stressed that comprehensive reform must be to strengthen and improve the party's leadership, give full play to the core role of the party commands the overall situation and coordinating all parties, improving the party's leading water ... Margin. Challenged the leadership of the Communist Party of China, Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong thought by Deng Xiao-ping's flag, replaced by three representatives and the harmonic society. The former Communist Party spirit and social cohesion point of almost all political makeover. Characteristics of socialism public ownership is shifting to private ownership, planned regulation and market regulation, the proletarian regime controlled by the elite. Of universal equality, fairness and basic principles of distribution system is socialist society, however after economic monopolized by powerful, vested interests growemployers do not have the same status, hardly seems fair social distribution. State key protection of capital interests rather than the interests of citizens, had been hits the bottom of the proletariat 2015年武昌理工学院普通专升本《基础护理学》考试大纲
《基础护理学》专升本考试大纲
一、考试科目名称：《基础护理学》 二、考试方式： 闭卷 三、考试时间：90分钟
四、试卷结构：总分100分，其中单项选择题35分，多项选择题10分，判断改错题20分，简答题20分，案例分析题15分。 五、参考书目
李小寒等，《基础护理学》，人民卫生出版社，2014年6月第5版 六、考试的基本要求
《基础护理学》是高等院校护理专业的专业基础核心课程，是各临床专科护理学的基础，是护生学习临床护理专业课（如内、外、妇、儿科护理学等）的必备前期课程，为各专科护理提供了必要的基础知识和基本技能。
本课程主要考察学生掌握基础护理的基础理论、基本知识和基本技能的程度，将所学的《基础护理学》知识运用于临床护理实践的能力，并能运用护理程序的工作方法分析、解决临床基础护理工作中的实际问题。 七、考试内容及要求 第一章 绪论
1、了解基础护理学在临床护理中的意义。 2、掌握基础护理学的概念、基本任务。 第二章 环境
1、了解环境、健康与护理的关系，环境的分类，环境因素对健康的影响，医院环境的特点。 2、掌握医院物理环境调控与社会环境的调控。 第三章 患者入院和出院的护理
1、了解入院的程序，人体力学在护理操作中的应用，入院护理和出院护理的目的，患者的入院程序，床单位所包含的基本设施。
2、熟悉病人入病区后的初步护理，熟悉病人出院护理。
3、掌握分级护理的适用对象及护理内容，为不同病情的患者准备床单位，掌握轮椅和平车运送病人的方法和注意事项，能安全搬运病人。 第四章 舒适与卧位
1、了解不舒适的原因，舒适卧位的基本要求，疼痛的机制、原因、影响疼痛的因素，影响患者安全的因素。 2、熟悉不舒适患者的护理原则，协助患者要变换卧位的方法，疼痛的评估工具，医院常 见的不安全因素及防范措施。
3、掌握常用卧位的种类和方法；疼痛的概念，疼痛的护理措施；保护具、辅助器使用的目的、方法及注意事项。
第五章 医院感染的预防与控制
1、了解医院感染的分类，医疗用品的危险性分类，医院日常清洁、消毒及灭菌工作和效果 监测，供应室的布局。
2、熟悉医院日常的清洁、消毒、灭菌工作，隔离区域的划分与要求，隔离的种类和措施。
3、掌握医院感染、清洁、消毒、灭菌、无菌技术、无菌物品、无菌区、非无菌区、隔离的概念，物理消毒灭菌的种类、方法，化学消毒的类型、使用原则、方法及注意事项，无菌技术操作基本原则，七步洗手法、无菌技术操作方法、口罩、帽子的使用及穿、脱隔离衣。 第六章 患者的清洁护理
bviously, face China's Socialist system, the Communist Party is not the party. In that case, political chaos has been very tight. Is remodeling or reconstruction, is a correction or a stove. Whether to turn right or left, is back to the source or put forward new political ideas. This is to determine the road problems in China, is also the key out of the deep water of the reform of the economic system. After 18, the new Central collective leadership attaches great importance to political orientation. First, the \point, starting from the Central Government's self-restraint, which preaches and pro-image, brought fresh feeling to the community. Secondly, before reform and opening up and reform and opening two periods after non-negative, untying the tangle of the society a long time on this issue. Third, a new generation of party leaders on various occasions to Mao Ze-Dong and Mao Ze-Dong's thought of evaluation has room for manoeuvre, through to the ruling ideology of Mao Zedong thought, is the call of the soul to the Socialist Revolution and construction. Empty talks jeopardize national interests and try again, is an affirmation of Deng Xiao-ping's reform ideas. These strong political signal showing a new generation of political leaders is still keeping to the Socialist road. Four is revisiting the \ng to Mao Ze-Dong's historical cycle of\profile anti-corruption and the importance of the Constitution, reorganization is bad style of officialdom, was to civilize people obey the lawwhile improving the color change of the regime of vigilance. Five is to reform into deeper waters and stressed that top-level design, this is a review on the reform and opening up in the past, is also looking for a way out. Six foreign and Russia closer, the flexible attitude on the issue of the Korean peninsula, Sino-Japanese fishing hardline China on the island out of the \ent\ow profile shadow began to gradually plan development. Signs show that the new leadership began to make a left turn in politics. However, as of right now, not only ideological confusion in the community, the new leadership's thinking is messy. New leaders both stressed the need to implement the Constitution, stressed the need to turn off the power in a cage. Also stresses that Mao Zedong thought cannot be lost, 30 years after the reform and opening up 30 years ago can not deny each other. Both advocate democracy and release \n does not speak of\cal constraints. Neither deny the history of the CPC Central Committee on several issues ...Comrades: today brings together members, mainly in order to provide a platform to Exchange and learn from each other in order to facilitate our work. Just now, we focus on taxation, planning and stability, safety, project construction, typical topics such as private facts presentation and interaction, and towns currently exist in the in-depth analysis of the problems to be solved, to explore new methods to solve the problem. It can be said that summing up the achievement, no grandstanding; analysispromotion of employment, form a reasonable and orderly pattern of income distribution, build a more fair and sustainable social security systems, medical and health system reform. The plenary, innovation of social governance, must focus on the maintenance of fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, maximize factors, enhance social development, improving social governance, the interests of national security, ensure that the people live and work, social stability and order. o improve social governance, stimulating social organization, innovative and effective system of preventing and resolving social conflicts, improving the public security system, set up the National Security Council, national security systems and national security strategy to ensure national security. Plenary session, the construction of ecological civilization, you must establish systems of ecological system, using the system to protect the ecological environment. o improve natural resources asset property right system and use control, red line of delimitation of ecological protection, resources paid use system and ecological compensation system in ecological environment protection management system reform. Plenary session, centering on building a listening party command, can win and having a fine style of the people's army, a strong army under the new situation of the party Goals, restricting the development of national defense and army building is solved outstanding contradictions and problems, innovation and development of military theory, enhance military strategic guidance, improve the military strategy in the new period, building a modern military force system with Chinese characteristics. o deepen the adjustment of personnel system reform in the army, military policy and system reform, promote the development of military and civilian integration depth. Plenary session stressed that comprehensive reform must be to strengthen and improve the party's leadership, give full play to the core role of the party commands the overall situation and coordinating all parties, improving the party's leading water ... Margin. Challenged the leadership of the Communist Party of China, Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong thought by Deng Xiao-ping's flag, replaced by three representatives and the harmonic society. The former Communist Party spirit and social cohesion point of almost all political makeover. Characteristics of socialism public ownership is shifting to private ownership, planned regulation and market regulation, the proletarian regime controlled by the elite. Of universal equality, fairness and basic principles of distribution system is socialist society, however after economic monopolized by powerful, vested interests growemployers do not have the same status, hardly seems fair social distribution. State key protection of capital interests rather than the interests of citizens, had been hits the bottom of the proletariat 1、了解晨晚间护理的目的及内容、给便盆法、灭头虱方法。
2、熟悉口腔、皮肤、头发、会阴部的评估和健康指导，床上洗头要点。
3、掌握常用漱口溶液及其作用，特殊口腔护理方法，床上擦浴方法，压疮的定义、发生原因、危险因素的评估、易发部位，压疮的预防措施、分期及相应的治疗护理。 第七章休息与活动
1、了解 睡眠的生理需要，睡眠的评估，休息的条件。
2、熟悉影响睡眠的因素，睡眠障碍类型，活动受限的原因和对机体的影响，患者活动的评估。 3、 掌握睡眠生理周期，促进睡眠及改善活动的护理措施。 第八章 生命体征的观察与护理
1、了解正常体温、脉搏、呼吸、血压的生理变化；氧气装置的结构和作用。
2、熟悉发热过程及临床表现；速脉、缓脉、间歇脉、绌脉的概念；呼吸增快/缓慢、潮式/间断呼吸/深度呼吸、呼吸困难、鼾声/蝉鸣样呼吸的概念；高血压、临界高血压、低血压的概念；氧疗的适应证、缺氧的类型和程度，氧气量、可供应时间及给氧浓度的计算。
3、掌握体温的正常范围、测量方法及记录，稽留热、驰张热、间歇热的定义，发热程度的判断，高热患者的护理措施；脉搏的正常范围、测量及记录方法；呼吸的正常范围、测量及记录方法；血压的正常范围及生理性变化、测量及记录方法；吸痰方法及注意事项，鼻导管给氧方法用注意事项，氧疗监护内容。 第九章 冷、热疗法
1、了解冷、热疗法的生理效应、继发效应概念。 2、熟悉影响冷、热疗法效果的因素。
3、掌握冷、热疗法的目的，冷、热疗法的禁忌，冰袋、冰帽、冷湿敷、酒精擦浴、热水袋、 烤灯、热湿敷及热水坐浴的方法及注意事项。 第十章 患者的饮食与营养护理
1、了解饮食与营养和健康、疾病痊愈的关系，要素饮食，胃肠外营养。 2、熟悉营养素的功能，影响饮食与营养的因素，营养评估的方法。
3、掌握医院饮食的种类，基本饮食、治疗饮食和试验饮食的种类、适用范围、饮食原则及方法；鼻饲法的适应证、禁忌证、操作方法及要点。 第十一章 排泄护理
1、了解与排尿、排便有关的解剖与生理。
2、熟悉影响排尿、排便的因素；尿液、粪便评估的主要内容。
3、掌握多尿、少尿、无尿、膀胱刺激征、尿潴留、尿失禁、导尿术、便秘、腹泻、排便失禁等概念；导尿术、导尿管留置术、膀胱冲洗法、大量不保留灌肠法、保留灌肠法、肛管排气法等操作方法及其注意事项。 第十二章 给药
1、了解药物的种类和领取；超声雾化吸入器、氧气雾化吸入器的结构及作用原理；青霉素过敏反应的机理。 2、熟悉药物的保管，给药途径，影响药物作用的因素，医院常用给药的外文缩写与中文译 意；碘过敏试验方法及判断。
3、掌握给药的原则和健康教育的内容，注射的原则，各种注射法的定义、常用部位、定位方法及操作方法，青霉素过敏试验液的配制、注入剂量和试验结果的判断，青霉素过敏休克的临床表现和急救措施；链霉素过敏试验及过敏反应的处理，破伤风抗毒素过敏试验的配制、注入剂量和试验结果的判断，脱敏注射法；超声雾化吸入和氧气雾化吸入操作方法及注意事项。 第十三章 静脉输液和输血
1、了解常用静脉输液法、颈外静脉穿刺置管输液法、锁骨下静脉穿刺置管输液法，输液泵 的应用，静脉输血的适应证及禁忌证，自体输血和成分输血。
2、熟悉静脉输液常用溶液的种类及作用，血液制品的种类，血型及交叉配血试验。
bviously, face China's Socialist system, the Communist Party is not the party. In that case, political chaos has been very tight. Is remodeling or reconstruction, is a correction or a stove. Whether to turn right or left, is back to the source or put forward new political ideas. This is to determine the road problems in China, is also the key out of the deep water of the reform of the economic system. After 18, the new Central collective leadership attaches great importance to political orientation. First, the \point, starting from the Central Government's self-restraint, which preaches and pro-image, brought fresh feeling to the community. Secondly, before reform and opening up and reform and opening two periods after non-negative, untying the tangle of the society a long time on this issue. Third, a new generation of party leaders on various occasions to Mao Ze-Dong and Mao Ze-Dong's thought of evaluation has room for manoeuvre, through to the ruling ideology of Mao Zedong thought, is the call of the soul to the Socialist Revolution and construction. Empty talks jeopardize national interests and try again, is an affirmation of Deng Xiao-ping's reform ideas. These strong political signal showing a new generation of political leaders is still keeping to the Socialist road. Four is revisiting the \ng to Mao Ze-Dong's historical cycle of\profile anti-corruption and the importance of the Constitution, reorganization is bad style of officialdom, was to civilize people obey the lawwhile improving the color change of the regime of vigilance. Five is to reform into deeper waters and stressed that top-level design, this is a review on the reform and opening up in the past, is also looking for a way out. Six foreign and Russia closer, the flexible attitude on the issue of the Korean peninsula, Sino-Japanese fishing hardline China on the island out of the \ent\ow profile shadow began to gradually plan development. Signs show that the new leadership began to make a left turn in politics. However, as of right now, not only ideological confusion in the community, the new leadership's thinking is messy. New leaders both stressed the need to implement the Constitution, stressed the need to turn off the power in a cage. Also stresses that Mao Zedong thought cannot be lost, 30 years after the reform and opening up 30 years ago can not deny each other. Both advocate democracy and release \n does not speak of\cal constraints. Neither deny the history of the CPC Central Committee on several issues ...Comrades: today brings together members, mainly in order to provide a platform to Exchange and learn from each other in order to facilitate our work. Just now, we focus on taxation, planning and stability, safety, project construction, typical topics such as private facts presentation and interaction, and towns currently exist in the in-depth analysis of the problems to be solved, to explore new methods to solve the problem. It can be said that summing up the achievement, no grandstanding; analysispromotion of employment, form a reasonable and orderly pattern of income distribution, build a more fair and sustainable social security systems, medical and health system reform. The plenary, innovation of social governance, must focus on the maintenance of fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, maximize factors, enhance social development, improving social governance, the interests of national security, ensure that the people live and work, social stability and order. o improve social governance, stimulating social organization, innovative and effective system of preventing and resolving social conflicts, improving the public security system, set up the National Security Council, national security systems and national security strategy to ensure national security. Plenary session, the construction of ecological civilization, you must establish systems of ecological system, using the system to protect the ecological environment. o improve natural resources asset property right system and use control, red line of delimitation of ecological protection, resources paid use system and ecological compensation system in ecological environment protection management system reform. Plenary session, centering on building a listening party command, can win and having a fine style of the people's army, a strong army under the new situation of the party Goals, restricting the development of national defense and army building is solved outstanding contradictions and problems, innovation and development of military theory, enhance military strategic guidance, improve the military strategy in the new period, building a modern military force system with Chinese characteristics. o deepen the adjustment of personnel system reform in the army, military policy and system reform, promote the development of military and civilian integration depth. Plenary session stressed that comprehensive reform must be to strengthen and improve the party's leadership, give full play to the core role of the party commands the overall situation and coordinating all parties, improving the party's leading water ... Margin. Challenged the leadership of the Communist Party of China, Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong thought by Deng Xiao-ping's flag, replaced by three representatives and the harmonic society. The former Communist Party spirit and social cohesion point of almost all political makeover. Characteristics of socialism public ownership is shifting to private ownership, planned regulation and market regulation, the proletarian regime controlled by the elite. Of universal equality, fairness and basic principles of distribution system is socialist society, however after economic monopolized by powerful, vested interests growemployers do not have the same status, hardly seems fair social distribution. State key protection of capital interests rather than the interests of citizens, had been hits the bottom of the proletariat湖北自考网（www.hbzkw.com）信息最齐全最实用的湖北自考门户网站。
3、掌握常用的输液部位；周围静脉输液操作方法，输液速度及时间的计算，常见输液的故障及排除方法，常见的输液反应及护理；静脉输血的目的、原则及方法；常见的输血反应及护理。 第十四章 标本采集法 1、了解标本采集的意义。
2、熟悉痰标本、咽拭子标本、血液标本、尿标本、粪标本采集的目的及注意事项。
3、掌握标本采集的基本原则，血液标本、尿标本、粪便标本、咽拭子标本的采集方法、注意事项，尿标本常用防腐剂的种类、作用及用法。
第十五章 病情观察及危重患者的抢救和护理 1、了解病情观察的意义、护士应具备的素质。
2、熟悉病情观察的方法，抢救工作的组织管理与抢救设备管理，心脏停搏的原因，常用洗胃方法及注意事项。
3、掌握病情观察的内容、危重患者的护理要点；心脏骤停的判断、心肺复苏操作、心肺复苏有效指征；洗胃的目的、各种药物中毒灌洗溶液的选择及禁忌药物，人工呼吸器使用操作法。 第十六章 临终关怀
1、了解临终关怀的发展，临终关怀的理念及组织形式。
2、熟悉临终关怀、濒死的概念，死亡过程各期的表现和特点，临终患者家属的生理及心理护理。 3、掌握脑死亡的诊断标准，临终患者的生理变化及护理，临终患者的心理变化及护理，尸体护理。 第十七章 医疗和护理文件记录 1、了解医疗和护理文件的记录意义。
2、熟悉医疗和护理文件的管理，护理病历的书写，医嘱的种类。
3、掌握医疗和护理文件记录的原则，体温单绘制方法，医嘱单的处理及注意事项，出入量记录单及特别护理记录单的记录。
更多湖北专升本考试资料尽在湖北专升本网：http://www.hbzkw.com/zsb/
bviously, face China's Socialist system, the Communist Party is not the party. In that case, political chaos has been very tight. Is remodeling or reconstruction, is a correction or a stove. Whether to turn right or left, is back to the source or put forward new political ideas. This is to determine the road problems in China, is also the key out of the deep water of the reform of the economic system. After 18, the new Central collective leadership attaches great importance to political orientation. First, the \point, starting from the Central Government's self-restraint, which preaches and pro-image, brought fresh feeling to the community. Secondly, before reform and opening up and reform and opening two periods after non-negative, untying the tangle of the society a long time on this issue. Third, a new generation of party leaders on various occasions to Mao Ze-Dong and Mao Ze-Dong's thought of evaluation has room for manoeuvre, through to the ruling ideology of Mao Zedong thought, is the call of the soul to the Socialist Revolution and construction. Empty talks jeopardize national interests and try again, is an affirmation of Deng Xiao-ping's reform ideas. These strong political signal showing a new generation of political leaders is still keeping to the Socialist road. Four is revisiting the \ng to Mao Ze-Dong's historical cycle of\profile anti-corruption and the importance of the Constitution, reorganization is bad style of officialdom, was to civilize people obey the lawwhile improving the color change of the regime of vigilance. Five is to reform into deeper waters and stressed that top-level design, this is a review on the reform and opening up in the past, is also looking for a way out. Six foreign and Russia closer, the flexible attitude on the issue of the Korean peninsula, Sino-Japanese fishing hardline China on the island out of the \ent\ow profile shadow began to gradually plan development. Signs show that the new leadership began to make a left turn in politics. However, as of right now, not only ideological confusion in the community, the new leadership's thinking is messy. New leaders both stressed the need to implement the Constitution, stressed the need to turn off the power in a cage. Also stresses that Mao Zedong thought cannot be lost, 30 years after the reform and opening up 30 years ago can not deny each other. Both advocate democracy and release \n does not speak of\cal constraints. Neither deny the history of the CPC Central Committee on several issues ... Comrades: today brings together members, mainly in order to provide a platform to Exchange and learn from each other in order to facilitate our work. Just now, we focus on taxation, planning and stability, safety, project construction, typical topics such as private facts presentation and interaction, and towns currently exist in the in-depth analysis of the problems to be solved, to explore new methods to solve the problem. It can be said that summing up the achievement, no grandstanding; analysis
2015年武昌理工学院普通专升本《基础护理学》考试大纲
