人教版初中英语七年级下册 Unit12SectionB 教材全解
Unit 12 What did you do last weekend?
Unit 12 Section B 教材全解
1. flew a kite 放风筝
【重点注释】flew 为 fly 的过去式,fly 此处作及物动词,意为“放飞(风筝、飞 机模型等)”,fly a kite=fly kites 放风筝。例如:Can you fly a kite?你能放风筝吗? We flew kites in the park last Sunday.上个星期天我们在公园里放风筝了。My father helped me to fly the model plane.我的父亲帮助我放飞飞机模型。
【拓展记忆】fly 还可作不及物动词:1)意为“飞,飞行”,fly to sw.=go to sw.by plane/air=take a plane to sw.乘飞机去某地。例如:I wanted to fly like a bird.我想象鸟一样飞。We flew to Beijing yesterday.昨天我们乘飞机去的北京。He flew back to London.他飞回了伦敦。Mr. Li flew to Shanghai.=Mr.Li went to Shanghai by plane/air.=Mr.Li took a plane to Shanghai.李先生乘飞机去上海了。2)意为“飞逝”。例如:How times flies!时间过得真快呀! 2. swam in a swimming pool 在游泳池里游泳
【重点注释】swam 为动词 swim 的过去式;swimming 是动词swim 的动名词形式, 在此用作定语,表示用途或功能,即 a swimming pool=a pool for swimming。类似的表达还有:a sitting room 起居室,a reading room 阅览室,a waiting room 候车室。 3. Did you do anything interesting last weekend?上个周末你做什么有趣的事情了吗?
【重点注释】★anything 意为“任何事情”,它是不定代词,常用于否定句或疑 问句中。例如:He didn’t do anything this morning.今天早上他没做任何事情。★ anything interesting 意为“有趣的事;任何有趣的事情”,形容词 interesting 修饰 不定代词 anything 应后置,在句中作后置定语(即形容词应位于不定代词之后)。 【语法】当形容词修饰 something/anything/nothing 等不定代词时,形容词要位于不定代词之后。例如:He told us something interesting.他告诉了我们一些有趣的事。This isn’t anything important.这并不是什么重要的东西。Is there anything interesting in today’s newspaper?今天的报纸上有什么有趣的事情吗?
【拓展记忆】1)不定代词 something 一般用于肯定句中;anything 一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中;nothing 表示否定含义,构成否定句。例如:I have something to tell you.→I don’t have anything to tell you./I have nothing to tell you.→Do you have anything to tell me?(Do you have nothing to tell me?) If you want anything,call me.如果你想要任何东西,给我打电话。2)something 可用于提建议或请求的问句中,以及希望说话对方作出肯定回答的问句中。例如:Would you like something to eat?你想要吃的东西吗?3)不定代词在句中作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如:Nothing can make me cry.什么也不能使我哭。
something,anything 与 nothing
观察下面四个例句,思考 something, anything 和 nothing 的区别,然后补全“思考”和“结论”中所缺内容。
- 1 -
A. The boy has something to tell you. 这个男孩有事要告诉你。 B. Is there anything interesting in today’s newspaper?
今天报纸上有什么有趣的东西吗?
C. The teacher didn’t say anything in class.这位老师上课时什么也没说。 D. The teacher said nothing in class. 这位老师上课时什么也没说。 【思考】
A 句是肯定句,用的是 ;B 句是一般疑问句,C 句是否定句, 两句用的是 ;D 句和 C 句是同义句,D 句用的是 nothing,此句表示否定意义。 (something; anything ) 【结论】
1. something 多用在 句中;anything 多用在 句或疑问句中。nothing 意为“什么也没有”,是表示否定的不定代词,相当于 。
2. 也可以用在表示请求、建议或期望得到肯定回答的句子中。例如: Would you like something to eat? 你想要点吃的吗?
3. 从 B 句中的 anything interesting 可以看出,当有形容词修饰这些不定代词时,形容词要位于不定代词 (填“之前”或“之后”)。
(1. 肯定;否定;not ... anything 2. something 3. 之后 )
【运用】
选用 something, anything 或 nothing 填空。 1. Lingling, come here, please. I have to tell you. 2. We looked around, and didn’t find . 3. is difficult if you put all your heart into it.
(1. something 2. anything 3. Nothing )
4. My sister finished high school two years ago.我姐姐(妹妹)两周前中学毕业了。
【重点注释】①小学:primary school,elementary school,grade school;中学: middle school(统称),junior high school(初中),senior high school(高中)。
②★high 形容词,意为“高级的;重要的”。例如:I knew him in high school.我在中学时代就认识他了。He is a high official.他是个高级官员。★high 还可意为“高的”,强调物体高出地面的空间高度。例如:The table is two metres high.这张桌子两米高。The garden’s got very high walls.花园有很高的墙。The mountain is very high.这座山很高。★high 还可作副词,主要修饰动词,意为“高地”。例如:He jumps high.他跳得高。
【 试题链接 】 Mount Qomolangma,“ the roof of the world”,is about 8844.43
metres .
A. tall B.high C.highly D.height
(tall 指人或物的高,不能指山脉的高;high 可指物体的高,尤其指山脉的高; highly 副词,意为“高度地”;height 名词,意为“高度”。答案:B)
③ago 副词,以前,常用于“一段时间+ago”结构中,意为“……以前”,表示“现在以前的某个时间 ”, 常用于一般过去时态, two days ago 两天前, a month/year/week ago 一个月/一年/一个周以前。例句:I visited my grandma three days ago.我三天前看望了我的奶奶。He left here five years ago.他五年前就离开这儿了。Two days ago I went to visit him.两天前我去拜访了他。【助记】ago 的用法: 立足现在往前算,ago 出来挑重担。
- 2 -
【辨析记忆】ago 与 before ago 副词 多用于时间段之后,不能单独使 The train left ten minutes ago. 火车 10 分钟前离开了。 用,常与一般过去时态连用 后接时间点,谓语可用将来时、 I’ll be back before 10 o’clock. Please come to school before 8:00 现在时 befor e 介词 表示位置,意为“在……前面” Don’t stand before me. 表示顺序, 意为“ 比…… 先, Spring comes before summer. 春天先于夏天到来。 在……之前” 引导时间状语从句,意为“在…… He will come to see you before he 连词 之前”,主句是一般将来时态时, leaves Beijing.他离开北京之前会来看你。 从句用一般现在时 5. First,we took a long bus ride to a lake in the countryside.首先,我们搭乘一辆长途公共汽车来到乡下的一个湖(边)。
【重点注释】ride 此处是可数名词,意为“(乘车的)旅行,旅程”。 例如:He gave me a ride to the plaza.他让我搭车去市场。It’s only a 5-metre ride to the park by bus.乘坐公共汽车去公园仅需 5 分钟。It’s a twenty-minute train ride from here. 从这里乘火车需要 20 分钟。
【拓展记忆】1)ride 作名词时,常用短语:★go for a +交通工具+ride =go for a ride on/in+a/an/the+交通工具“开/骑/坐(乘)……兜风”。例如:We went for a car ride.=We went for a ride in the car.我们去开(坐)车兜风了。we went for a ride on the horseback. 我们骑马。Shall we go for a ride in the car?我们开车兜一会儿风好吗? Let's go for a ride on horseback.我们出去骑马兜兜风吧。★have/take a ride“兜风”,have/take a ride on/in+a/an/the+交通工具= have/take a +交通工具+ride “骑/坐
(乘)……兜风”。 例如:I had a ride on a horse for an hour.我骑了一个小时的马。He often takes a ride when he is free.当他有空时,他经常去兜风。He took a ride on a bus in the city.=He took a bus ride in the city.他乘公共汽车在市里兜了一圈。2)ride 还可作动词,意为“骑(马等);乘(车)”等。例如:Can you ride a bike?你会骑自行车吗?The boy is riding a horse.这个男孩正骑着马。He learned to ride a horse at the age of nine.他 9 岁时学会了骑马。 6. There we put up our tents and made a fire to keep us warm and cook food on在. 那里,我们搭起帐篷,生火取暖并(在上面)做饭。
【重点注释】①此处 put 是 put 的过去式,与原形 put 一样。(【思考】该句的否 定句怎么变化呢?)put up 此处是“搭起(建)”,还可意为“举起;张贴;建造(起)”, put up a tent 搭建帐篷,put up hands 举起手,put down 放下(take off 取下),put off 推迟/脱下(=take off 脱下)。例如:Please put up your hand if you have any question.如果你有问题就请举手。Put down your guns and put up your hands.把枪放下,举起手来。The teacher put up a map of China on the wall.老师在墙上挂起了一张中国地图。You’d better put up a notice here.你最好在这儿贴一张通知。We’re going to put up a building here.我们打算在这里盖一座楼。They put up many buildings last year.他们去年盖了许多楼。The meeting will be put off till next week. 会议延期到下周。I put off my sweater after coming into the room . 我进屋后脱下毛线衫。
②make a fire 意为“生火”,句中 made 是 make 的过去式。例如:He went back home and made a fire.他回到家里,生起了火。
- 3 -
人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit12SectionB教材全解(最新整理)



