2020届高三第二次模拟考试卷
英 语（四）
注意事项：
1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形 号码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
位封座2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂 黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草 稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
密 4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
号第一部分 听力（略）
不场考 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
订 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该
项涂黑。
A
装 号The cold northern wind here in the streets of Petersburg strengthens my nerves and fills me with 证考delight. I cannot think of the Pole as cold and empty; in my imagination it is a region of beauty and delight. 准 Who knows what strange landscapes and creatures we may find there? I shall satisfy my curiosity with the 只 sight of an unknown part of the world, and walk where no man has before. Thinking of it, I feel the same joy a child feels when he sails his little boat on a voyage of discovery up his native river.
This voyage was the favorite dream of my early years. My education was neglected, yet I was 卷 passionately fond of reading. Uncle Thomas’s library contained only books about exploration, which I read 名day and night. Finally, my thoughts come to the idea of making a voyage of discovery.
姓 此Six years have passed since I decided on the present voyage. I can, even now, remember the hour when I committed myself to this great enterprise. I began by making my body used to hardship. I went on whale hunting voyages to the North Sea; I voluntarily endured cold, hunger, thirst, and lack of sleep. I often 级worked harder than the common sailors during the day. Then, at nights, I studied mathematics, the theory of 班medicine, and sciences of practical importance for a sea-going adventurer. Twice I took jobs as an officer on a Greenland whaling ship. I felt a little proud when my captain asked me to remain with the ship, so
valuable did he consider my services. And now, do I not deserve to achieve some great task? My life might have been passed in ease and comfort, but I preferred glory to every pleasure that wealth placed in my path.
21. What does the author think of the Pole? A. It reminds him of his childhood. B. It must be a region full of surprises. C. It would fulfil his dream to be an adventurer. D. It’s too cold a destination with almost nothing. 22. To realize his childhood dream, the author got ________. A. physically prepared by experiencing great suffering B. spiritually prepared by gaining captain’s recognition C. academically prepared by reading books on exploration
D. financially prepared by serving on a whale hunting ship
23. According to the passage, the author is definitely a person full of ________. A. curiosity
B. fancy
C. perseverance
D. pride
B
As a young child, Ann Makosinski would spend hours experimenting with her toys and other everyday
objects around her to create her own inventions.
Now a first-year Arts student, Makosinski is a well-known inventor. She won the recent Sustainable Entrepreneurship Award of Excellence, which recognizes creative business solutions to social problems--the same recognition was given to Barack Obama in 2014. Her two inventions—the Hollow Flashlight and the e-Drink—have been causing excitement internationally since their creation.
When Makosinski was 15 years old, she created a flashlight powered by the heat of one's hand. This invention was the result of a 9th grade science project, but her goal was to offer a practical solution to people with unlimited access to power and electricity. “One of my friends from the Philippines told me that she failed school because she had no light to study with at night, so that was kind of the inspiration.” Makosinski explained.
At 12th grade, Makosinski then went on to create the e-Drink. It is a coffee cup that harvests the extra heat of a hot drink while it cools, stores it as electricity in an internal(内置的) battery and makes it available to charge an external device such as a phone, whose life can now be longer by approximately 10 to 30 minutes.
“My favorite part of creating inventions would be when you had the idea and you have to physically build it，and it doesn't work out,” she said. “So you have to figure out different ways to solve it. A lot of times,
I'll give up and I’ll come back after a couple of days and I'll take it up again.”
Her advice to other student innovators? “Start now. There’s nothing holding you back. Actually, you can do whatever you want.” Makosinski said，“If you want to make something，follow your heart, then go ahead. If there's something you really want to do, you will make time for it and you will find time in the day to do your schoolwork.”
24. Makosinsky created the powerless flashlight mainly to ________. A. satisfy her desire to create inventions B. settle problems in study for her friend
C. help those who are short of electricity
D. finish the assignment of a science project
25. Which of the following is mainly explained in paragraph 4? A. How the e-Drink was invented. B. Why the e-Drink was created. C. What the e-Drink brings.
D. How the e-Drink works.
26. Which can be the best title for this passage? A. Popular Inventions by a Teenager Girl B. Teenager Girl Advancing in Creation C. Valuable Advice from a Creative Girl D. Awards Given to a Young Inventor
C
Stress in middle age can make your brain shrink and make your memory worse, scientists have discovered. The brain-reducing effects of stress, identified in people in their 40s free from dementia(痴呆症)—a serious mental disorder caused by brain disease or injury, were found to be caused by cortisol(皮质醇). The high levels of the stress hormone may be an early warning sign that someone may end up with dementia, the research suggests.
Stress also made people's thinking skills worse, which the Harvard Medical School study, published in the journal Neurology found. For the research, scientists led by Dr. Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui studied 2,231 people with an average of 49 and free of dementia. He said, \brain shrinkage in middle-aged people before symptoms started to show. So it's important for people to find ways to reduce stress, such as getting enough sleep, taking part in moderate exercise, making relaxation techniques part of their daily lives or asking their doctor about their cortisol levels and taking a cortisol-reducing medication if needed.\advice to all people with high cortisol levels.\
Researchers found lower scores on tests of memory and thinking in people with higher levels of cortisol than those with average levels. In addition, people with higher cortisol levels had a smaller brain volume, with those with high cortisol levels having brains that were 88.5 percent of the total cranial(颅骨的) volume. This was compared to 88. 7 percent of the total cranial volume for people with normal levels of the hormone. No links were found between low levels of cortisol and brain size.
Cortisol helps the body respond to stress and when we are stressed, cortisol levels increase because that is our fight-or-flight(战或逃) response. It can also help reduce inflammation(发炎) and control blood sugar and blood pressure. High cortisol levels can be caused by stress, medical conditions or medications.
“Cortisol affects many different functions so it is important to fully investigate how high levels of the hormone may affect the brain,” Dr Echouffo-Tcheugui said, “While other studies have examined cortisol and memory, we believe our large, community-based study is the first to explore, in middle-aged people, cortisol levels and brain volume, as well as memory and thinking skills. ”
27. What may Dr. Echouffo-Tcheugui suggest people do about stress-reducing? A. Early to bed and early to rise. B. Strengthen the social network. C. Eat food with more protein.
D. Ride a bicycle around a lake.
28. Which statement about cortisol may the author agree to? A. Higher cortisol levels are associated with larger brain volume. B. The more stressed one feels, the higher his cortisol levels are. C. Age and gender play a big role in the participants' brain volume. D. People with high cortisol levels will suffer from low blood pressure.
29. What's the possible direction for future research according to Dr. Echouffo-Tcheugui? A. How high cortisol levels affect human brains. B. The link between cortisol levels and memory. C. The link between cortisol levels and brain size. D. How cortisol affects peoples’ response. 30. Why does the author write this passage? A. To suggest the efficient ways to reduce stress. B. To prevent the features and functions of cortisol. C. To explain how cortisol affects peoples’ stress level. D. To show stress can cause memory loss and brain shrinkage. 第二节（共5 小题；每小题2分，满分10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Fond of writing? Having difficulty in writing a good article? 31. ? Try the following suggestions to help get your thoughts flowing and on their way to being published.
32. Brainstorm for ideas and make an outline of what you want to say. Remember who your audience is. Get your ideas and main points down. There's plenty of time for revising and polishing.
Writing your piece
You've heard it before: every piece of writing needs a beginning, a middle and an end.
33. ? Is the body of the piece tight and consistent? Is your ending balanced with the rest of the piece? Did you get all your points across? Does your writing read the way you want it to?
Watch out for needless repetitions, or obvious statements. Don't be afraid to get rid of unnecessary adjectives, entire sentences or paragraphs (scary thought, but you can do it!). Ask someone else to read your writing to see if it makes sense to them and to check for errors.
Revise, revise, revise
34. . Now find a red pen and read it out loud like you've never seen it before. Make sure your verbs are active, not passive; check for flow, clarity, sentence structure, smooth transitions(过渡) between paragraphs, tense consistency and spelling errors.
Submit it
You've written, proofed, corrected, proofed and proofed again. Now it's time to let your polished piece shine. Follow the submission guidelines and send your work to the publishing house. 35. ! A. Getting started B. Why is it so hard
C. Interested in submitting your work D. Is your first sentence an attention-getter
E. Congratulations on all your hard work, and good luck F. You've got something that resembles an article or a story
G. Sometimes, it’s easier to find problems if you get someone else to read it aloud.
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was only a dollar. Dylan 36 it on the floor as he sat at the back of his English class.
When the school day 37 , Dylan wandered back to the classroom. The wrinkled old bill was 38 there. He could easily have pocketed it without thinking twice. 39 , he picked it up and brought it to his English teacher, Mattison. She was a little 40 that he'd turned the dollar in, knowing a lot of people would have just kept it. She 41 that Dylan tape it to the whiteboard at the front of the classroom.
A day or two later, David 42 the dollar on the whiteboard. After class, he asked Mattison 43 it was there. She was still 44 the original owner to claim it, so she replied, \David taped a second dollar to the 45 , which got it rolling. The 46 of the two dollar bills, side by side, triggered(触发) 47 in Mattison's students. More students taped up single dollar bills. The 48 snowballed. The students, among themselves, 49 Mattison had some unspoken goal. Ben taped a $20 bill to the whiteboard, Megan another $20. The amount 50 to grow over several weeks, 51 it reached$175.76.
She asked the teens whether they minded if she 52 the dollars in their names. Their answer was to tape 53 money to the whiteboard over the next few days to 54 the amount to over $300. Mattison, choking back tears as she 55 the moment, said she carefully peeled the cash off the board and made the donation. 36. A. dropped B. noticed C. mentioned D. remembered 37. A. ended B. started C. came D. went 38. A. also B. even C. still D. only 39. A. Finally B. Suddenly C. Therefore D. Instead 40. A. surprised B. excited C. relieved D. curious 41. A. discussed B. reported C. explained D. suggested 42. A. took B. spent C. spotted D. changed 43. A. when B. why C. how D. what 44. A. speaking to B. returning to C. waiting for D. looking for 45. A. board B. floor C. classroom D. desk 46. A. thought
B. sight C. idea D. request 47. A. anything
B. nothing C. something D. everything 48. A. problem B. business C. effort D. reputation 49. A. persuaded B. advised C. managed D. decided 50. A. continued B. stopped C. added D. began 51. A. until
B. unless
C. if
D. after
2020届高三第二次模拟考试卷 英语(四)含答案解析
