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高中英语人教版(2019)必修第一册 动词语法知识点总结大全

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动词

(1) 动词分类

① 实义动词(行为动词) ② 助动词 ③ 情态动词 ④ 系动词 ⑤ 静态动词 ⑥ 短语动词

1. 实义动词(行为动词)

① 用来表示动词

② 分及物动词与不及物动词(是否能直接加宾语)

不及物动词高频:come explode laugh sit rise excel respond run cough swim emigrate smile act cry immigrate lie arrive continue go

2.助动词(协助主要动词构成谓语的词)和情态动词 (无词意)小三

③ Be动词

a.构成进行时和被动语态

b.Be动词作系动词,引表语/表语从句 ④ Have

a.构成完成时/完成进行时

b.实义动词:have有意义等同eat/drink ⑤ Do

a.构成疑问句/否定句/强调句 b.实义动词:做

3.情态动词 +动词原形 (有词意)妾

①can/could ②may/might ③must

④should/shall/ought to ⑤would/will 4.静态动词

①表思想

Believe,doubt,know,understand ②表拥有

Have,own,want,contain ③表感觉

Hear,see,smell ④表情感

Love,hate,want,need 5.动词短语

构成:动词+介词或动词+副词(通常与原动词含义不同) (二)动词的形式 1.动词原形 2.第三人称单数 ①一般现在时中

②主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式

A.直接动词词尾加s

B.以字母s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的动词加es C.辅音加y,变y为i加es D.不规则变化

3.动名词与现在分词

⑥ 直接词尾加ing

⑦ 词尾去掉e,去掉e加ing ⑧ ie结尾的,变ie为y加ing

⑨ 辅音+元音+辅音,双写词尾加ing 4.动词过去式与过去分词

A.规则动词的过去式加ed

B.以e结尾的动词词尾直接加d C.不规则变化 5.动词时态

5.1一般现在时

形式:①肯定形式:第三人称单数用三单,其他用动词原形 ②否定形式:主语+do/does not+谓语动词原形 ③疑问形式:疑问词+do/does+主语+谓语动词原形 用法:①现在时段发生的动作:I feel great! ②习惯性动作/常发生的动作 ③表示客观真理

④用于电影,赛事,时间的评论,独白,报道等 ⑤谈论时间表,日程表

eg:The train leaves at half past four. ⑥一般现在时表将来

当主句为将来时或表将来意义时,时间和条件的状语从句必须用一般现在时表将来。(主讲从现) 5.2一般过去式

形式:①肯定形式:主语+动词过去式

②否定形式:主语+did not+谓语动词原形 ③疑问形式:疑问词+did+主语+动词原形 用法:表过去发生的动作 5.3一般将来时

形式:①肯定形式:主语+will/be going to/be to/be about to+原形 ②否定形式:主语+will not(won’t)+谓语动词原形 ③疑问形式:疑问词+will+主语+动词原形

用来:表还没发生,未来将要发生的行为,动作,事件 5.4现在进行时

形式:①肯定形式:主语+be+动词ing

②否定形式:主语+be动+not+动词ing

③疑问形式:疑问词+be动词+主语+动词ing 用法:①说话的时刻正在发生的动作

②常与always,constantly,continually,forever,repeatedly,never等词连用含有抱怨语气。表总是。

③表将来,多用于已经安排好的事情。 I am leaving。 ④be going to

<1>计划,安排的动作 <2>确定将会发生的事情

注意:有些动词不能用于现在进行时 a.情感类:love,hate,prefer

b.所属类:have,own,want,belong c.感官类:see,hear,smell,seem d.思想类:know,believe,remember e.测量类:contain,consist,fit 5.5现在完成时

形式:①肯定形式:主语+have/has+过去分词

②否定形式:主语+haven’t(have not)/hasn’t(hasnot)+过去分词 ③疑问形式:疑问词+have/has+过去分词 用法:①表过去完成的动作

这个动作对现在造成影响或现在有关 常与still,yet,already,always连用 ②讨论个人的经历

③过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在 甚至有可能继续延续下去

常与before,since,for,already,many times,so far,yet连用 5.6过去完成时

形式:①肯定形式:主语+had+过去分词

②否定形式:主语+hadn’t(had not)+过去分词 ③疑问形式:疑问词+had+主语+过去分词 用法:①表过去的某个动作之前发生的动作。

She said she had written three letters the day before.

I didn’t say anything until she had finished talking. ②与after,as soon as,the moment that,until ③与before,when,by the time连用

6.被动语态

定义:①主语是动作的执行者(即某人做某事),叫主动语态。 ②主语是动作的承受着(即某事被做)叫被动语态。

步骤:①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语 ②将主动语态的谓语动词改为‘be done’

③将主动语态的主词改为介词by之后的宾语,放在谓语动词之后(有时可省略)

非谓语动词

不充当谓语的动词

1.动名词

形式:①动名词与现在分词同型(v-ing)

②起到名词的作用

作用:①作主语 谓语动词为单数

Eg:Reading helps you learn English.

②作宾语

有的动词直接加动名词作其宾语;有的加介词后动名词作其宾语 Eg:<1>He quit smokin a year ago.

<2>I look forward to helping you panit the house.

③It+形容词+动名词

Eg:It is no use telling him not to worry. 此类形容词还包括:better、wonderful、enjoyable、interesting、foolish、difficult、useless、senseless、worthwhile

④作表语:对主语进一步说明,相当于一个名词。 Eg:<1>My job is teaching. <2>Seeing is believing.

⑤作定语:表示用途或性质

Eg:<1>a swimming pool=a pool for swimming <2>a moving truck=a truck for moving. 以下动词及句型后常跟动名词作宾语 Be used to/get used to Can’t help/give up Can’t stand/go on End up/have difficulty Feel like/have problems Finish/have trouble 2.分词

形式:①现在分词的形式同动名词一样,在动词后面加ing ②过去分词的形式则在动词后面加ed

(1)现在分词

1)一般式:表示的动作与主语动作同时发生

Eg:Tom came sauntering up the path.Reaching for the flower,I lost my balance. Not being able to win the game,I lost my confidence. 2)完成式:表示该动作发生在谓语动词之前且已经完成

Eg:Having heard the news,he quickly sold his brother’s record collection. Having rested for a while,we continued our journry.

Not having finished his work,he could not leave the office. 作用:①作定语:作前置/后置定语;相当于定语从句

Eg:<1>The man carring the bricks(=who is carring the bricks)is my father. <2>There is someone knocking at the door.(someone who is knocking) ②作表语:相当于一个形容词,表示主语的特征 Eg:<1>The news is encouraging.

<2>The present situation is terrifying.

<3>My job is really tiring.I don’t get home until 10p.m. sometimes.

③作状语:表谓语动词发生的时间、方式、伴随、让步等,相当于状语从句;逻辑主语就是句子的主语。 Eg:原因状语<1>He was talking to her friend and forgot everything around her.=Talking to her friend she forgot everything around her.

<2>Since we watch the news every day we know what’s going on in the world.=Watching the news every day we know what’s going on in the world.

伴随状语<3>The dog wagged its tail and bit the postman.=Wagging its tail the dog bit the postman.

<4>The man was sitting in the café.He was reading a paper.=The man was sitting in the café reading a paper.

时间状语<5>While she was tidying up her room she found some old photos.=Tidying up her room she found some old photos.

条件状语<6>If they do not have enough money they will spend their holidays at home last year.=Not having enough money they

will spend their holidays at home next year.

结果状语<7>Carbon burns in oxygen or air,thereby forms carbon dioxide=Carbon burns in oxygen or air,thereby forming carbon dioxide. (2)过去分词

作用:1)作表语:表示谓语动词所处的状态。 Eg:I was alarmed by the loud bang.

He was amused to hear his little son singing in the bath. 2)作定语:①前置/后置定语

②相当于一个定语从句,其逻辑主语构成被动关系。

高中英语人教版(2019)必修第一册 动词语法知识点总结大全

动词(1)动词分类①实义动词(行为动词)②助动词③情态动词④系动词⑤静态动词⑥短语动词1.实义动词(行为动词)①用来表示动词②分及物动词与不及物动词(是否能直接加宾语)不及物动词高频:comeexplodelaughsitriseexcelrespond
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