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2020年4月19日
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英语语法结构体系
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单表示“一个”含义时需要在前面加上表示数量关系/所有关系/指示关数 系的限定词（冠词/数词/名词所有格/物主代词/指示代词/不定代词可数名词 等。 名(C 表示泛指某一类事物加上不定冠词：a book, an orange 词 countable) 复表示泛指时不必加任何限定词 ︹数 We must tell friends from enemies. 表 1不可数名单独出现表示泛指。 (U 不能够直接跟数词、不定冠词连用，但能够在不可数名词前加表示数量︺ 词uncountable的名词词组等来表示其具体数量： a piece of news, a sheet of paper ) He is an old doctor. 不泛指某一具体的人/事物 She is now a different China from what she was. 定once upon a time(从前)， an hour or two 冠固定词组 a long time, a few, a little 词 说话人和听话人心中都了解的I bought a skirt yesterday. The skirt is very 定beautiful. 人/事物，表示特指 冠冠in the morning/afternoon/evening, in the end., by 词 词 最高级/固定词组/习惯用法 the way ︹表示泛指的不可数名词/复数名Failure is the mother of success. 表 Children like cartoons. 词前 2︺ 零泛指时，表示三餐、球/棋类运Do you have a rest after lunch? 冠They are fond of playing basketball/chess. 动、学科、季节、年份、月Spring/April/Sunday/Children’s day is the best 词 份、星期、节假日的名词前 time. on foot, at home, at night, in danger, for example 固定词组/习惯搭配 face to face, hand in hand, side/step by side/step 单数 复数 人基 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 称本代用第一人称 I me we us 词 法 第二人称 you you you you 2
2020年4月19日
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︹表 3︺ 第三人称 多个人陈代词并列的排序 指代事物/人 it的充当形式主语 特殊用法 充当形式宾语 he him she her they they it it 单数的语境下：you放在最前，I放在最后 You, she and I all enjoy music. 复数的语境下：we放在最前，they放在最后 We, you and they should preserve the environment 代替前文提到This is a new dictionary. I bought it yesterday. 过的事物 代替指示代Is this you car? 词，起No, it isn’t. this/that作用 指代动植物、Look at that bird. It always comes to my 不明身份/性别window. The Greens have a new baby. It is lovely. 的人/婴儿 指自然现象（天气、气象、天色等）/It is getting dark. 量度（时间、How far is it to the Great Wall? 距离、温度、价值等） 代替不定式 It is our duty to take care of the old. 代替动名词 It is worthwhile working the whole night. 代替主语从句 It doesn’t matter what you do. 代替不定式 I consider it better to be early. 代替动名词 We thought it no use doing that. 代替宾语从句 The teacher made it clear that everyone should hand in his homework on time. 强调It is my word that counts. (我说了算) 主语 强调用于强调句型 宾语 It is/was+被强调的部分+that/who/whom+强调状语 原剧中其它部分 It is me that/whom you should ask. 强调时间 强调地点 强调方式 强调原因 It is at eleven that the train leaves. It was in the classroom that I left him. It was just as he ordered that I acted. It was because he was poor that I helped him 强调It was red that we painted the gate. 宾补 单数 复数 分 类 空间/时间上离说话人较近/ 指this these 及下文将要讲的事物 示用空间/时间上离说话人较远/ 代that those 法 上文提及的事物 词 单数可数名词 Your pen is expensive than that I have. ︹作指示代词that The population of China is larger than that 表 替（后面必替代 不可数名词 of any other country. 4︺ 代须有后置His stories are more interesting than those I 词定语） those替代复数可数名词 told. 3
2020年4月19日
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的用法 区别指示代词that与数词one/ones 能够代替事物，也能够代替人。 a/an+被代替的单数可数名词（泛指同一种/类的事物/人） the+被代替的单数可数名词（特指同一种/类的事物/人） 修饰语能够前置/后置/单独使用 必须有后置定语 My child doesn’t like this book. Show her a The population of China is more interesting one. larger than that of any other Our new book is more expensive than the country. one we had before. that只能代替事物，相当于the+被代替的单数可数名词/不可数名词（特指同一种/类的事物） 不定代词 ︹表 5︺ 不定代词 ︹主语 all, each, every 宾语 表语 定语 All are equal before the law. all 名词(必须带冠词物主All (of) the milk has been drunk. of代词等限定词)，of 可All (of) my friends like reading. 后省略，all变为定语 接 人称代词，of不能省略 All of them enjoyed the party. Say all you know and say it without reserve.(知无不言，言无不尽) The brave defenders gave their all.勇敢的防伪者奋战到底。 That is all for my speech.我的发言到此结束 We should argue the case in all seriousness.(极其严肃地) Deal all the cards. 把牌都发了。 实义动词 之前 The people all voted against it. 主语助动词、情的同态动词、系位语 动词be 之后 We are all for him. all表示“三者/三者以上都” 同位语 之前（简Who can speak Japanese? 短回答） We all can. 宾语There is justice for us all. (这对我们每个人而言都是公平的同的) 位语 each表示 “两个/两个以上当中的每一个”侧重指每个人/事物的个别情况 主语 宾语 定语 同位语 Each has a cup of tea. Give an apple to each. There is a line of trees on each side of the road. 主语的同位语 宾语的同位语 They each signed the paper. Give them each an apple. 只作定语 You have every right to say so.(你完全有权利这么说) No one likes a person with bad manners. 4 2020年4月19日
every表示“三者/三者以上当中的每一个”侧重强调全体的情况 no one, no one=nobody只指人，谓语动词nothing用单数,不能与介词of连用。 文档仅供参考，不当之处，请联系改正。
表 5︺ 不定代词 ︹表 5︺ , none nothing只指物，谓语动词用单数,能与介词of连用。 none即指人也指物，能与介词of连用，根据含义谓语动词用 单数 复数 Nothing except your fears stands in your way. Think nothing of it. (不用介意这件事) None of us has got a camera. None of the money belongs to me. (none在代表不可数的事物时，谓语动词用单数) None are so deaf as those that will not hear. None of the books are easy enough for us. both, neither, either many much等 some any 复合不定代词 other others another both“两者都”（用法类似于all） Both seat are taken. neither“（两者中的每一个）都Neither of the twins is here. 不” either“（两者中的）任何一个” There are houses on either side of the road. many, many a, a few, few, (not/quite)several, 只修饰可数名词 a (great/large) number of, numbers of. much, a little, little, a bit of, a good/great deal 只修饰不可数名词 of , a large/great amount of, amounts of. some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a 既修饰可数名词有修饰不可数名词 great/large quantity of, quantities of. I have some questions. “一些” some 肯定句 Some Mr. chen is calling you.“某一” 否定句/疑问句/条件句 Do you have any questions? “一些” any 肯定句 Come any day you like. “任何一个” some/any/no/every + body/one/thing He drinks something fierce.(她喝烈酒) 用法相近于some/any/no/every, 被is there anything important in that box? 定语修饰时，定语必须后置。 other“另外的，其它的”作定语修饰可数名词（单/复数）/不可数名Any other person would tell the truth. 词 the other后面不接其它名词时表示Hold it in this hand, not the other. 两者中的另外一个 others是前面不加定冠词，泛Many students are playing on the playground. other的复指“其它人/物”Some are playing football; others are playing 数形式，（但不指其余的全basketball. 但不作定部） 语，只作前面加定冠词，特指主语、宾Six of the toys are mine; the others are “剩下的人/物”John’s. 语、表语（可指其余的全部） 等成分。 主语 another泛指三者/三者以上当中的“另外一个”，前面不能加任何冠词 宾语 表语 单数可数名词 复数可数名词，视为一个单数的整体 Then another put up his hand. Let’s ask for another. Say is one thing and doing (is) another She has got another boyfriend. 定语 We will study here for another two years. 物 单数 复数 2020年4月19日
句中作用 5
英语语法结构体系图
