The Rate of Material Addition is the Key Measurand with Fused Filament Fabrication in Additive Manufacturing
Pieter Greeff
Test and Measurement Conference 2019
Additive Manufacturing (AM) Explained
The current principle: “layer by layer
AM is the “process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing and formative manufacturing methodologies” [1]
AM: Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing)
https://facfox.com/what-is-3d-printing[1]Additive manufacturing –General principles –Terminology. Geneva, CH: International Organization for Standardization, 2015(2)ISO Categories and Timeline
Additive Manufacturing19871991Vat PolymerisationSheet LaminationMaterial ExtrusionPowder Bed FusionSLA? (Stereolithography), DLP? (Digital Light Processing), CDLP? (Cont. DLP), 3SP? (Scan, Spin and Selectively Photocure)LOM (Laminated Object Manufacturing), SDL (Selective AM), UAM (Ultrasonic AM)FDM? (Fused Deposition Modelling), FFF (Fused Filament Fabrication)MJF (Multi Jet Fusion), SLS (Selective Laser Sintering), DMLS (Direct Metal Laser Sintering), SLM (Selective Laser Melting), EBM (Electron Beam Melting)3DP? (3D Printing), ExOne, VoxeljetLENS? (Laser Engineered Net Shape), EBAM (Electron Beam AM), LMD (Laser Metal Deposition), DMD? (Direct Metal Deposition)PolyJet?, SCP? (Smooth Curvature Printing), MJM (Multi-Jet Modelling), NPJ (NanoParticleJetting), DOD (Drop on Demand), Projet?(3)19921993Binder Jetting19941998Material JettingDirect Energy DepositionAdditivemanufacturing--Generalprinciples--Terminology.Geneva,CH:InternationalOrganizationforStandardization,2015.T.WohlersandT.Gornet,“HistoryofAdditiveManufacturing2014,”WohlersRep.2014-3DPrint.Addit.Manuf.StateInd.,pp.1–34,2014.Additive Manufacturing:Reasons for Growth
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Mass customisation ‘Free’ complexity
Positive environmental impact
Reduce mass and component count in assemblies
Liquid lattice structures produced with EOS Additive Manufacturing technology
(Source: Autodesk Within),
https://www.eos.info/automotive
?Mass production of complex parts
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Adidas: Two new factories, each of which is intended to turn out up to 500,000 pairs of trainers a year (2017)
Chanel: 1 million make-up brushes per month (2018)
Siemens: (Fully) Automated factories of the future
Cross-section of the 3D printed Conflux CoreTMHeat Exchanger (Source: EOS)
https://www.eos.info/press/case_studies/conflux-heat-exchangerR. Leach, “Metrology for Additive Manufacturing”, Measurement and Control, Vol. 49(4) 132–135, 2016Also:https://3dprintingindustry.com/news/3d-printing-ready-mass-production-132576/https://all3dp.com/2/can-3d-printing-be-used-for-mass-production/(4)(4)In-Process Quality Assurance
Completevoxel(3D pixel) part history (digital thread)
Built-in conformance testing of each part: an ideal, but also an necessity
Concepts: digital twin, unique complex parts, functional specification assurance?Example Target:10 μm voxelresolution, multiple variables, including time [1]E.g.: 100 mm cube1012 points[1]J. Pellegrino, T. Makila, S. McQueen, and E. Taylor, “Measurement science roadmap for polymer-based additive manufacturing”,National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, Tech. Rep. 5, Dec. 2016(5)
FDM 3D打印熔体流动速率的计算 - 图文
