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18 19Unit1SectionⅢGrammar限制性和非限制性定语从句

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Section山 Grammar ------- 限制性和非限制

性定语从句

[语境自主领悟]

先观察课文原句 1. This gift was the Amber Room, which was give n this n ame because several ton of amber were used to make it 2. The amberwhich was selected had a s1.例句后自主感悟 1中的which引导的是非限制性 定语从句,先行词为the Amber Room; 例句4中的to whom为“介词+关系代 词”beautiful yellow- brow n colour like honey. 引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词 为 Frederick William I。 3. This was a time when the two coun tries were at war 2. 例句2中which引导的是限制性定语 4. However,the next Ki ng of Prussia, 从句,修饰先行词 The amber;例句3 中Frederick William I, to whom the amber room belonged decided not to keep it. 5. Later, Catherine n had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburgwhere she spe nt her summers when引导的是限制性定语从句,修 饰先行词a time;例句5中where引导 的是限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 a palaceb 3. 在形式上非限制性定语从句与限制性 定语从句的区别在于:关系词前是否有 逗号。 [语法精要点拨]

一、定语从句的种类

根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度, ■■.

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。 1.限制性定语从句

.,,

码上打一石

我们将定语从句分为:;:'■

■-

限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,用于修饰和限定先行 词。如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切,两者之 间不用逗号分开;关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。引导限制性定语从句的 关系代词有 who,whom,whose, that,which, as;关系畐U词有 where, when, why o

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This is the computer that/which) he bought for his son yesterday 这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。

I will show you to the supermarket where you can find everythi ng you want 我带你去一家超市,在那里你能找到你想要的一切东西。 2. 非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切, 只是对先行词或主句作些附 加说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除 that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外,其他都可以。

He is English,which I know from his accent 他是英国人,那是我通过他的口音知道的。

This is our headmaste,who I think has something important to tell you. 这是我们的校长,我认为他有一些重要事情要告诉你。 [即时训练1]用适当的关系词填空

① Holly,who is from Australia,has a good comma nd of Chin ese ② The dicti on ary,which our teacher bought yesterday is helpful to us. ③ I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feeli ngs for her.

二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 1. 形式不同

限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号;非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句 隔开。

Here is the manwho has bee n puni shed by the boss 这就是那个被老板惩罚的人。(限制性定语从句)

The project, which lasted three years cost no less than $1 billion 这个工程历时三年,耗资多达十亿美元。(非限制性定语从句) 2. 先行词不同

限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词, 而非限制性定语从句的先

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行词可以是一个词,也可以是整个主句。试比较:

This is the best no velthat I have ever read

这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。(限制性定语从句,先行词是n ovel) The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting. 我昨天晚上看过那部小说了,它非常有意思。 为 novel)

The novel is very interesting, which makes me very excited

那部小说很有意思,这让我很兴奋。(非限制性定语从句,which指代前面整 句话的内容)

3. 关系词的使用情况不同

(1) that, why不可用于引导非限制性定语从句 指物时要用 which代替that, for which代替why。 Most people didn't vote for him, which disappo in ted him 大多数人没有投票支持他,这使他感到失望。

I have told them the reason for which I changed my mind 我已经告诉了他们我改变主意的原因。 (2) 关系代词替代情况不同

① 关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who代替,但在非限 制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who代替。

This is the man (whom/who/that? we are talk ing about 这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。(限制性定语从句)

The young man had a new girlfrie nd whom he wan ted to impress 这位年轻人新交了一个女朋友,他想给她留下印象。

(非限制性定语从句,先行词

(非限制性定语从句)

② 在限制性定语从句中,先行词指人时可以用that引导,但在非限制性定语 从句中先行词指人时,关系代词只能用 who或whom。

She has a younger brother who is an English teacher 她有一个弟弟,他是一名英语老师。

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18 19Unit1SectionⅢGrammar限制性和非限制性定语从句

Section山Grammar-------限制性和非限制性定语从句[语境自主领悟]先观察课文原句1.ThisgiftwastheAmberRoom,whichwasgiventhisnamebecauseseveraltonofamberwereusedtomakeit2
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