什么语 insist 后的从句用什么语气
insist 后的从句一定要用虚拟语气吗? 请看下面的这道题:
The man in prison insisted that he _________ nothing wrong and _________ set free.
A. had done, should be B. should do, should be
C. had done, had been D. should do, had been
【分析】此题容易误选B,想当然地认为 insist 后的从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气。事实上,insist后的从句谓语是否用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气,要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来,若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生,或尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气;若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生,或已经成为事实,则要用陈述语气。对上题而言,坐牢的这个人坚持了两点:一是没做错事,二是应该释放。很显然,在坐牢这个人看来,“没做错事”应该是事实,故用陈述语气;“被释放”还不是事实(因为他还在坐牢),故用虚拟语气。所以此题的最佳答案应为A。又如:
He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。(“看信”已成为事实,故用陈述语气)
He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。(“看信”尚未成为事实,故用虚拟语气)
请再做下面一题():
The patient insisted that he _________ ill and _________ to the hospital.
A. wasn’t, wasn’t sent B. wasn’t, shouldn’t be sent
C. shouldn’t be, wasn’t sent D. shouldn’t be, shouldn’t be sent
答案选 B,因为在说话者看来,“没病”是事实,故用陈述语气;“不送医院”尚未成为现实,故用虚拟语气。
It is time 后的定语从句用虚拟语气
从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来,有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见,且should不能省略),其意为“(早)该干某事了”。如:
I think it's time you went to bed. 我想你该睡觉了。
It’s time we went [were going, should go]. 我们该走了。
I think it’s time they were taught a lesson. 我想现在该给他们一点教训了。
注:time前有时有about和high修饰:
I think it’s high time that she made up her mind. 我想她该拿定主意了。
与其他的虚拟结构不同,该结构不能在该用 was 时而用 were。如:
It's time I was in bed. 我该上床睡了。(不用were)
I wish 后从句用虚拟语气的三种形式
请看下面一题:
I wish you __________ him my telephone number,but you did.
A. didn’t give B. hadn’t given C. wouldn’t give D. shouldn’t give
此题应选B。I wish后接宾语从句时,谓语有三种可能:
1. 表示与现在事实相反的愿望,用过去时:
I wish I were a teacher. 我要是一位老师就好了。
I wish I remembered her address. 我要是记得她的地址就好了。
2. 表示与过去事实相反的愿望,用过去完成时:
How I wish I had seen her off at the station,but I was too busy. 我要是去车站送过她就好了,但我太忙了。
3. 表示与将来事实相反的愿望,用could / would+ / might+动词原形:
I wish he would come at once. 我真希望他马上来。
类似地,以下结构也与wish情况类似(从句分三种情况):
(1) If only(但愿):用法与含义均与I wish相似,以上各例中的I wish均可用If only
代之,含义大致相同。
(2) as if / though (好像):
She loves the child as if he were her own. 她疼爱这孩子,就像是她自己的孩子一样。(与现在事实相反)
He talks as if he had been there many times. 他说起话来好像是去过那儿多次似的。(与过去事实相反)
He speaks as if he would die soon. 听他说话那语气好像不久就要死似的。(与将来事实相反)
wish后的宾语从句的虚拟语式
要表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语一般过去时或过去进行时,表示与过去相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词,表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would (could)+动词原形。如:
I wish I were not so busy. 但愿我不那样忙碌。
I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有什么用处。
I wish you would be more respectful to your father. 我希望你对你父亲更尊敬些。
注:从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关,而与 wish 的时态无关,比较:
I wish I were rich. 要是我现在有钱就好了。
I wish I had been rich. 要是那时我有钱就好了。
I wished I were rich. 当时我后悔自己没有钱。
I wished I had been rich. 当时我后悔自己曾经没有钱。
哪些动词接的宾语从句通常要用虚拟语气
请看下面的有关考题:
The guard at the gate insisted that everyone __________ the rules.
insist 后的从句用什么语气



