第4讲Cloning 语法篇
__________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 1.掌握同位语从句的结构与功能； 2.能够熟练选用合适的引导词。 一. 概述：
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如： The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。 I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。 二. 同位语从句的功能
1.同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如： 1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 2.whether
eg: The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor 3.连接代词what， who， whom， whose， which 1)I have no idea what size shoes she wears.
2)I have no idea which wine is best—it’s a matter of personal taste. 3)The question who will take his place is still not clear. 三. 同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting were put off. 四. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）
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五. 如何判断从句类型：
1. 放句首没有用逗号分开的，一般是主语从句，也有可能是状语从句，但从句结束后若有体现时态变化的动词，则一定是主语从句。
2. 放及物动词后，若及物动词不是被动语态，后面一定是宾语从句；若句首为It，该及物动词是被动语态，后面一般是主语从句（It+ is + adj/n./done+ that/whether/when…）或状语从句。
3. 放be动词后，后面就是表语从句，但 “It is/was + 从句(被强调成分) + that”是强调句（强调句中“非谓语”）。
4. 放名词后，一般是定语从句，但若该名词有“内涵/内容”( fact/truth/news/ information /problem /suggestion /idea / doubt )， 则很可能是同位语从句。
1. (2019重庆卷)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah， but I have no idea ____he did it； that’s one of his favorite universities. A. when 答案: B
解析: 本题实际上是一个同位语从句，是对名词idea的内容进行的说明。短语have no idea后面可以使用多种形式的同位语结构，如have no idea where to go等。根据句意可知使用why表示原因。故B正确。
2. (2019浙江高考) The only way to succeed at the highest level id to have total belief you are better than anyone else on the sports field. A. how 答案: B
解析: 此句是同位语从句，对belief进行说明，根据句意从句部分不缺少成分，that引导，所以选B。 3. (2019兰州高二下)Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea the party is to be held. A. that B. whichC. where D. what 答案: C
解析: 此题考查同位语从句，从句对idea进行说明，从句中缺少地点状语，所以选C。 4. (2019浙江温州高二下) Word comes _____ free souvenirs will be given to whoever comes first. A. what B. that C. why D. which 答案: B
解析: 此题考查同位语从句，从句是对word进行解释，由于从句中不缺少成分，用that引导，所以选B。
5. (2019江苏南昌高二下)---Dad， can you meet my demand I be given a chance to travel to Beijing? A. which 答案: B
解析: 此句考查同位语从句的引导词，从句是对demand进行解释，从句部分不缺少成分，根据句意应该填that，所以选择B。
基础演练
1. What do you think his proposal _______ we ________ a play at the English party.
B. that
C. where D. when
B. that
C. which D. whether
B. why
C. that
D. how
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A. what； put up B. that； put on C. which； put up D. that； put off
2. ______ is known to us all that Shanghai will host the 2019 World Expo. A. Which
B. This C. That
D. It
3. He made a promise ______ he would help me. A. that
B. which
C. whether
D. why
4. Mother made a promise _______ I entered a key school， she would take me to Hongkong. A. that
B. that if C. if
D. whether
5. All the people around the world have the same simple dream ______ they will always live in peace and comfort. A. that
B. which
C. where D. when
巩固提高
6. They have no idea at all____. A. where he has gone C. which place has he gone
B. where did he go D. where has he gone
7. His success was because of ________ he had been working hard. A. that
B. the fact which C. the fact that
D. the fact
8. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning. A. that ；had to leave
B. that； should leave
C. /； must leave D. when； should leave
9. We all know the truth ______ the earth ______ around the sun.
A. if； moved B. that； moves C. why； move D. whether； move 10. The question came up at the meeting_____ we had enough money for our research. A. that
B. which
C. whether
D. if
11. The question came up at the meeting ______we had enough money for our research. A. that
B. what C. which D. whether
12. There’s a feeling in me ______we’ll never know what a UFO is-----not ever. A. that
B. which
C. of which D. what
13. It remains a question ______ we can get so much money in such a short time. A. how
B. that
C. when
D. what
14. Danby left word with my secretary ______ he would call again in the afternoon. A. who
B. that
C. as
D. which
15. They came to the conclusion ________ by a computer. A. that not all things can be done C. being not all things can be done
B. because of not all things be done D. because not all things can be done
1. I have no idea ______he will come back. A. Where
B. when C. what D. that
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人教版高中英语选修八 Unit2 Cloning-语法篇(学生版)
