2010城市规划师《城市规划原理》答案解析（四）

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Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic controltechnology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can stillsuccessfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of \hen the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand2010城市规划师《城市规划原理》答案解析（四）

31. 关于城市空间结构表述，下列哪项是错误的?( )

A.多中心城市应加强各中心之间的交通联系

B.带形城市中需要完善垂直于交通主轴的道路

C.小城市适宜采用环形放射的城市空间布局结构

D.特大城市的空间布局适宜采用多中心城市结构形式

答案：C。城市发展与空间形态的形成：城市空间形态一

http://www.jsgcks.com/forum-63-1.html般分为集中型、带型、放射型、星座型、组团型和散点型六个类型。集中型城镇是最常见的基本形式，便于集中设置市政基础设施，合理有效利用土地，容易组织市内交通系统，但容易“摊大饼”式蔓延，各项城市问题难以解决;带型城市受自然条件所限或完全适应和依赖区域主要交通干线而形成;放射型城市多位于地形较平坦，对外交通便利的平原地区;星座型城市通常是一些国家首都或特大型地区中心城市，由若干相对独立的新区或卫星城镇;组团型城市多是由于较大河流或其他地形影响分隔成几个有一定规模的分区团块;散点型城市往往是资源较分散的矿业城市。

城市总体布局主要模式：分集中和分散两大类，集中式布局可划分为网格状(如洛杉矶、米尔顿凯恩斯)、环形放射状(这种形态一般不适于小城市，如北京、巴黎)，分散式布局可划分为组团状、带状(线状、如深圳、兰州)、星状(指状、如哥本哈根)、环状(如新加坡、台州、荷兰兰斯塔德地区)、卫星状(如伦敦、上海)、多中心与组群城市(如底特律、洛杉矶)。

manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) theofficial designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that is Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic controltechnology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can stillsuccessfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of \, when the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand32. 关于组团式城市总体布局的表述，下列哪项是不准确的?( )

A.各组团应根据功能基本完善、居住与工作基本平衡的原则予以组织

B.组团规模不宜太小，应配套完善的生活服务设施

C.各组团之间必须要有城市干路以上级别的道路相连

D.各组团之间应有明确的自然分隔

答案：A?。组团型城市多是由于较大河流或其他地形影响分隔成几个有一定规模的分区团块。组团式城市布局可根据用地条件灵活编制，比较好处理城市发展的近、远关系，容易接近自然，并使各项用地各得其所。关键要处理好集中与分散的“度”，既要合理分工，加强联系，又要在各个组团内形成一定的规模，使功能和性质相近的部门相对集中，分块布置。组团之间必须有便捷的交通联系。

33. 城市总体布局中，相对于分散式布局，下列哪项不是集中式布局的优点?( )

A.布局紧凑，节约用地，节省建http://www.jsgcks.com/forum-63-1.html设投资

B.布局灵活，城市用地发展和城市容量具有弹性，易于处理近远期发展关系

C.城市居民平均出行距离较短，城市氛围浓郁，利用社会交往

D.配置建设各项生活服务设施和基础设施的成本较低

答案：B，城市总体布局主要模式有集中式布局和分散式布局。集中式布局3个优点：布局紧凑、节约用地，节省建设投资;容易低成本配套建设各项生活服务设施和基础设施;居

manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) theofficial designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The mn brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulaton, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that is Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of \nse\hen the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand 招考信息、复习资料、在线辅

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民工作、生活出行距离较短，城市氛围浓郁，交往需求易于满足。3个缺点：功能分区不明显，不利于道路交通组织，后续发展容易出现“摊大饼”现象。分散式布局3个优点：布局灵活，城市用地发展和城市容量具有弹性，容易处理好近远期关系;接近自然、环境优美;各城市物质要素的布局关系井然有序，疏密有致。4个缺点：用地分散，基础设施分开建设成本高，城市氛围不浓郁，跨区出行成本高。

34. 下列关于城市用地分类的表述，准确的是( )。

A.城市用地按土地使用的主要性质进行划分和归类

B.城市用地分类适用于城市的总体规划、土地利用规划和城市用地统计工作

C.城市居住用地分为三个中类

D.根据实际情况，可采用用地分类的部分类别，也可增设新的类别

答案：A，根据《城市用地分类与规划建设用地标准》(GBJ 137--90)，城市用地应按土地使用的主要性质进行划分和归类;适用于城市中设计城市的总体规划工作和城市用地统计工作;居住用地分四个中类;可根据工作性质、工作内容及工作深度的不同要求，采用本分类的全部或部分类别，但不得增设任何新的类别。根据《城市用地分类与规划建设用地标准》(GB50137--2011)，城市用地应按土地使用的主要性质进行划分;适用于城市、县人民政府所在地镇和其他具备条件的镇的总体规划和控制性详细规划的编制、用地统计和用地管理工作;居住用地分三个中类;可根据工作性质、工作内容及工作深度的不同要求，采用本分类的全部或部分类别。

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Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic controltechnology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can stillsuccessfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of \, when the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand35. 关于人均城市建设用地指标的表述，下列哪项是正确的?( )

A.在计算人均建设用地指标时，人口数不应包括农业人口

B.居住、工业、道路广场和绿地四大类用地总和占建设用地比例宜为60～75%http://www.jsgcks.com/forum-63-1.html

C.中小工矿城市的人均工业用地指标不宜小于30平方米/人

D.边远地区和少数民族地区中地多人少的城市，可根据实际情况确定规划人均建设用地指标，但不得大于120平方米/人

答案：B，根据《城市用地分类与规划建设用地标准》(GBJ 137--90)，在计算建设用地标准时，人口计算范围必须与用地计算范围相一致，人口数宜以非农业人口数为准;边远地区和少数民族地区中地多人少的城市，可根据实际情况确定规划人均建设用地指标，但不得大于150平方米/人;设有大中型工业项目的中小工矿城市，其规划人均工业用地指标可适当提高，但不宜大于30平方米/人;居住、工业、道路广场和绿地四大类用地总和占建设用地比例宜为60～75%。根据《城市用地分类与规划建设用地标准》(GB50137--2011)，城市建设用地统计范围与人口统计范围必须一致，人口规模应按常住人口进行统计;边远地区、少数民族地区城市(镇)以及部分山地城市(镇)、人口较少的工矿业城市(镇)、风景旅游城市(镇)等，不符合规定的，应专门论证确定规划人均城市建设用地面积之比，且上限不得大于150平方米/人;工矿城市(镇)、风景旅游城市(镇)以及其他具有特殊情况的城市(镇)，其规划城市建设用地结构可根据实际情况具体确定;居住用地占城市建设用地比例宜为25～40%，工业用地宜为15～30%，道路与交通设施用地宜为10～25%，绿地与广场用地宜为10～15%，公共管理与公共服务设施用地宜为5～8%。

manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) theofficial designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The mn brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulaton, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that is Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of \nse\hen the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand 招考信息、复习资料、在线辅

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36. 下列哪项不属于城市规划的工程地质评价中考虑的主要因素?( )

A.土质与地基承载力 B.冲沟 C.地下水硬度 D.滑坡

答案：C，城市用地的自然条件评价包括工程地质条件、水文及水文地质条件、气候条件等。工程地质条件包括土质与地基承载力、地形条件、冲沟、滑坡与崩塌、岩溶、地震等6个方面，气候条件包括太阳辐射、风象、气温、降水与湿度等4个方面。

37. 关于大城市蔬菜批发市场的布局，下列哪项表述是正确的?( )

A.集中布置在城市中心区边缘 B.统一安排在城市的下风向

C.结合产地，布置在远郊区县 D.设于城区边缘的城市出入口附近

答案：C。为本市服务的仓库应均匀分散布置在居住区边缘，并与商业系统结合起来，按仓库类型进行考虑。1储备仓库一般应设在城市郊区、水陆交通条件方便的地方，有专用的独立地段;2转运仓库应设在城市边缘或郊区，并与铁路、港口等对外交通设施紧密结合;3收购仓库如属农副产品和当地土产收购的仓库，应设在货源来向的郊区入城干路口或水运必经的入口处;4供应仓库或一般性综合仓库要求接近其供应的地区，可布置在使用仓库的地区内或附近地段，并具有方便的市内运输条件。

38. 下列哪项不是仓储用地的布局应考虑的主要因素?( )

A.适宜的地形坡度 B.较低的地下水位http://www.jsgcks.com/forum-63-1.html

C.良好的社会服务设施 D.便捷的交通运输条件

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