(5) 由于在英、美等国 billion, trillion 及 quadrillion 所代表的数目不一致 , 科技文稿中应避免使用 , 例如“ 12.5 亿人口”最好表示为“ apopulationof1.25 × 109 ” 。
英文摘要正文的写作模式
英文摘要语篇结构固定 , 内容完整。英文摘要的篇章结构通常涉及主题句、拓展句和结论句三部分 , 涵盖了研究的背景、目的和范围 , 研究的方法、手段或步骤 , 研究的结果 , 研究得出的主要结论或建议四个方面。由于摘要字数有限 ( 英文摘要一般不超过 250 个词 ), 所以研究的背景、目的和范围有时候可省略 , 写作的重点放在后三个方面。 1. 主题句的常用句型或表达方法主题句多用于介绍论文涉及的研究课题和领域 , 提供研究背景信息或陈述研究目的 , 其常见的句型或表达方法如下 :
(1) Previous reaearch has shown that...; (2) It has been shown that...;
(3) The principle of ...is outlined;
(4) The apparatus for ...is described;
(5) Automation of...is examined;
(6)An account of...is given;
(7)The use of ... is addressed;
(8)The mechanism of ... is examined;
(9) The dependence of ... was established;
(10) An analysis of ... was carried out;
(11) The purpose of the present study is was to ...;
(12) The aim of our research is was to...;
(13)The objective of this investigation is was to ...;
(14) This paper is intended to...;
(15) This paper is to...;
(16) The author(s) made this study inorder to find out discover reveal obtain demonstrate test...;
(17) With the aim of...; (18)This paper deals with...;
(19) Based on ... is described discussed presented analyzed dealt with in this paper
(20)In this paper ... is discussed explored an analyzed
2. 拓展句的常用句型或表达方法拓展句承接主题句 , 通常处于摘要正文的中间 , 多描述研究的方法、手段、过程、步骤或结果 拓展句常见句型或表达方法如下
(1) The method of ... was used to ...;
(2) The experiment was to...;
(3) The investigation has been conducter to ...;
(4) The data are derived by using...;
(5) The experimental results are obtained by ...;
(6) The test was conducter with ...;
(7) A relationship is observed between ... and ...;
(8) A theoretical procedure is described for...;
(9) The method was based on...;
(10)... can be achieved through by using...
3. 结论句的常见句型或表达方法
结论句置于正文的最后 , 通常用于介绍主要研究成果 , 提出独到的见解或建议 , 陈述主要结论。结论句常用的句型或表达方法如下 :
(1) The findings indicate that ...; (2) The results indicate show that...; (3)This paper concludes that ...;
(4)This study investigation research leads the author(s) to a conclusion that ...;
(5)The research enables us to conclude that ...; (6) It is concluded that...; (7) The results agree with ...;
(8) The test experiment shows that....; (9) It is suggested that...;
(10)These results will can be significant for ...
英文摘要写作
