高考英语一轮复习专题三
Noun Clauses (名词性从句)
定义:在复合句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词,根据它在句中不同的语法功能,可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
请你找出以下名词性从句并说出它们的成分:
(1) Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. (主语从句)
(2) The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand. (表语从句)
(3) I didn’t know whether I could survive until morning. (宾语从句)
(4) The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.(同位语从句)
名词性从句的常用连接词
1. 连接词 :that(无意义)、 if,whether(是否) 、as if/though(好像、似乎)、because(因为)等 (不作成分)
2. 连接代词 :who、 whom 、 whoever 、 whose、 what、 whatever 、which、whichever (作主/宾/表/定)
3. 连接副词: when、 where、why、how (作状语)
一、主语从句
1. 引导主语从句的连接词有三类: (1) 连词that,whether:
Whether we go by train or by boat makes no difference. 我们坐火车或者坐船去没有差异。 Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否来这儿还不清楚。 That price will go up is certain. 价格将上涨是肯定的。
(2) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等 What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。
Who will attend the meeting has not been decided yet. 谁去参加会议还没有确定。 Whatever he did is right.
他所做的一切都是对的。
(3) 连接副词 where, when, how, why等。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 谁也不清楚这事是怎样发生的。
When he will be back depends on the weather. 他什么时候回来取决于天气。
How the pyramids were built is still a mystery. 金字塔是怎样建成的仍然是个谜。
2. 主语从句后置
为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。 例:
(1) That we shall be late is certain.
— It’s certain that we shall be late. (2) That the earth is round is known to all.
— It’s known to all that the earth is round. (3) That you missed the chance is a pity. — It is a pity that you missed the chance.
3. 用it 作形式主语的常用结构
① It is+名词 (no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise…)+从句 It is a fact that…事实是……
It is an honor that…非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that………是常识
② It is+形容词(natural ,obvious, strange, possible, likely, probable…)+从句 It is natural that…很自然……
It is strange that…奇怪的是……
③ It + 不及物动词 + 从句 It seems that…似乎……
It happened that…碰巧…… It appears that…似乎……
④ It is+ 过去分词 + 从句
It is reported that…据报道……
It has been proved that…已证实……
It is said that…据说…
4. 主语从句需注意的问题
1.“if” 不能引导主语从句,应用“whether”引导。 2. 主语从句中用陈述语序。
3. 主语从句的 “that” 一般不能省。 4. “what”引导主语从句时,谓语动词: 1)常与其后的名词作表语一致; 2)根据句子的语境而定。
What you left are only several old books.
你留下的只是几本旧书。
What you said is of great importance.
你说的话很重要。
Whether he’ll come here is not clear.
他是否来这儿尚不清楚。
语法精讲
【主语从句】
一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语,即句子充当主语,该句子称为主语从句。
根据句意选词填空(that, if, whether, why, when, what) (1) That he will succeed is certain. 他最终肯定会成功。
【结论】 that-从句,从句为一个句意完整的陈述句,没有具体意义,不充当句子成分,只起标志性作
用,但that 不能省略。
(2) Whether he will go there is not known. 他去不去那还不知道。
【结论】 whether -从句,从句来源于一般疑问句,whether不能省略,意为“是否”,不能用if替换。
(3) What he said is not true. 他所说的不正确。
(4) When the meeting will be held has not been decided. 会议什么时候举行还没确定。
【结论】特殊疑问词——从句,从句来源于特殊疑问句,特殊疑问词不能省略,意思为特殊疑问词本来
的意思,在从句中充当句子成分。
【注意点1】That 2018 Asian Games are successful is known to all. 2018亚运会的成功是众所周知的。
【剖析】主语从句作主语相当于第三人称单数作主语,谓语动词用单数,如果由and 连接两个或两个以
上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,谓语动词用单数。
1.When they will start has (have) not been decided yet. 他们什么时候动身还没有确定。
2.When they will start and where they go have(have) not been decided yet. 他们什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没有确定。
3. When and where the meeting will begin has (have) not been decided yet. 会议什么时候开始以及在哪里开还没有确定。 【注意点2】
It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film.
你没去看那个电影真是遗憾。
It doesn't interest me whether you succeed or not.
你是否成功对我来说兴趣不大。
【剖析】主语从句通常由it充当形式主语,而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film. (主语从句) 2. It is at dawn that the murder took place. (强调句)
【结论】
主语从句与强调句型的区别:
1.主语从句中的it可以用that从句代替,强调句型不可以。
如:
It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film. =That you didn’t go to see the film is a pity.
3. 强调句型中It is/was和that之间的部分叫被强调部分, 当把It is/was和that去掉时,被强调部分可以还原到句子适当位置;而在含有主语从句的句子中It is/was和that之间的部分 叫表语,不可置于其他位置。
【语法专题】高考英语一轮复习语法专题(三) 名词性从句



