自考00832英语词汇学2010 -2018历年真题及答案汇总
②个别年/月份的考题是真的找不到，但并不影响。
PS：①为了精炼文档，很多重复出现的题只保留了第一次，因此有的题目序号不是连贯的。
③答案都是来自标准答案，答案里标注“已有”的是指此概念前文已有。
④词汇学内容比较多比较杂，个人经验是把教材快速过一遍了解下，再将此文档作为重点多记多背，考前把历年真题选择题做一下即可。 2010.04
41.Grammarians insist that a word be a _free___form that can function in a sentence.
42. In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions because English has evolved from a synthetic language to the present _analytic___language. 43. The morphemes can be grouped into free morphemes and _bound___morphemes. 44. New words which are created by adding affixes to stems are called__derivatives__.
45. Though having little lexical meaning, _functional_words have strong grammatical meaning. 46. The vocabulary of a language is in constant change; old items drop out, new items come in, and as the new replace the old, so the internal __relations__of the whole set alter.
47.The attitudes of classes have also made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of elevation or _degradation___.
48. The sentence “I like Mary better than Jean.” will lead to_ambiguity_. 49. The fixity of idioms depends on the _idiomaticity_.
50. Encyclopedic dictionaries can be further divided into _encyclopedia_and encyclopedic dictionaries. Define 51. borrowed words. 52. conversion.
-words taken over from foreign languages.
-the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class. Since the words do not change in morphological structure but in function, this process is also known as functional shift. 53: motivation. 54. narrowing.
-the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning. - a process by which a word of wider meaning acquires a specialized sense. 55. replacement of idioms.
-a constituent replaced by a word of the same part of speech, resulting in synonymous or antonymous idioms. Answer 56. What are derivational affixes 派生词缀?
- Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words. 57. What is the grammatical meaning of a word? Give an example.
- grammatical meaning refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships such as part of speech of words(nouns,verbs,adjectives,adverbs), singular and plural meaning of nouns, tense meaning of verbs and their inflectional forms. For example, forget (base verb), forgets (3rd person singular form), forgot(past form), forgotten (present perfect form) and forgetting (progressive form). 58. What type of transfer is experienced for the word in bold type? The fairy tale “The Sleeping Beauty” is very interesting. - abstract to concrete. 59. Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the stylistic features of idioms.
Stylistically speaking, most idioms are neither formal nor informal.
-false. Idioms are generally felt to be informal and some are colloquialisms and slang, therefore inappropriate for formal style. Occasionally, we find idioms which are extremely formal and used only in frozen style. Analyze.
60. Analyze and comment, with a diagram, on the italicized words increase, extend and expand in the following three sentences based on the concept of discrimination of synonyms同义词. [a] The company has decided to increase its sales by ten per cent next year. [c] The metal will expand if heated.
[b] The owner of the restaurant is going to extend the kitchen by ten feet this year. -synonyms may differ in the range and intensity of meaning. Some words have a wider range of meaning than others. increase , extend and expand share a general sense but have different implications. Each of the three terms expresses a different kind of enlargement. This can be illustrated by the following graphs.
extend increase expand
61. State the roles of context in determination of word meaning. Illustrate your points with examples.
- Context plays a vital role in the following three aspects.
1) Elimination of Ambiguity. When a word with multiple meanings is used in inadequate context, it creates ambiguity. e.g. “He is a hard businessman.” The word hard in this context can mean both “hard working” and “difficult”. The context fails to narrow down the meaning so that it is difficult for the reader to decide what exactly the speaker means. 2)Indication of referents. English has a large number of words such as now/then, here/there, I/you, this/that, which are often used to refer directly to people, time, place, etc. Without clear context, the reference can be very confusing. For example, the word now always means the time of speaking, naturally referring to a past time when the speech took place in the past or a present moment if the person is speaking. 3)Provision of Clues for Inferring Word Meaning. Context may prove extremely valuable in guessing the meaning of new words. Context clues vary a great deal but can be summed up as following: definition, explanation, example, synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, relevant details, word structure. 2010.7
41. __Neologisms____ are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on new meanings.
44. The prefix \in the word \a __reversative____ prefix.
45. Lexical meaning of a word has two concepts: __conceptual__ meaning and associative meaning.
46. Hyponymy can be described in terms of __tree-like_ graphs, with higher-order superordinates above the lower subordinates.
47. In Old English, animals and their __meat__ share the same name.
48. Structural patterns where a particular word is used is called __grammatical_ context.
49. Idioms verbal in nature can be subdivided into _phrasal_ verbs and other verb phrases. 50. Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the best-known __unabridged_ dictionary. Define.
51. bound morphemes.
-Morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are bound morphemes. They are so named because they are bound to other morphemes to form words. 52. affixes.
- Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function. Almost affixes are bound morphemes. 53. blending.
- Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word. 54. unabridged dictionary.
-An unabridged dictionary is an unshortened one. 200,000 headwords at least. It provides its origin, meaning, pronunciation, cognates(同源), usage, grammatical function, spelling, hyphenation连字符, capitalization, derived forms, synonyms, homonyms. The best-known unabridged dictionary is Webster’s Third New International Dictionary (450,000). 55. dismembering of idiom.
-by breaking up the idioms into pieces, an unusual case of use of idioms particularly in literature or popular press to achieve special effect. Example: have a card up one’s sleeve, A around peg in the squarest of holes. Answer.
56. What are the three periods in view of the development of English vocabulary? 57. How many types do bound morphemes include? What are they? - two types: bound root and affix. 58. What is concept? Give an example.
1)Old English (450-1150). 2)Middle English (1150-1500). 3)Modern English (1500-up to now) -Concept which is beyond language is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind. E.g.: much and many have the same concept. 59. How do you use a dictionary to the full?
-1)Read the contents page to find out quickly what information is included in the dictionary because this page usually provides a detailed list of content, including supplementary matter. 2)Read the guide to the use of the dictionary, where the compliers explain in details how to use the dictionary. Analyze.
60. Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym同音同形异义 in italicized font. Customer: \come your sausages taste like meat at one end, but like bread at the other? \Butcher replied: \in times like these no butcher can make both ends meet. \
-1)Homonyms are generally defined as words different in meaning but either identical both in sound and spelling or identical only in sound or spelling. 2)As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly homophones, they are often employed to create puns for desired effect of humor, sarcasm or ridicule. 3)make ends meet means Income and expenditure balance out. 61. Analyze and comment on the following statement.
As most words have more than one meaning, it is often impossible to tell the meaning of a word before it is used in context.
-1)context is very import for the understanding of word-meaning because the meaning of the word is influenced immediately by the linguistic context and in many cases by the whole speech situation as well. Without context, there is no way to determine the very sense of word that the speaker intended to convey, whereas with context, there is generally no danger of misinterpretation, for meaning lives in context and the context defines meaning. 2) a. elimination of ambiguity. b. indication of referents. c. provision of clues for inferring word meaning. 2011.04
31. The general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over one _million_ words.
32. At the end of 6th century, Latin-speaking missionaries under St. Augustine came to spread Christianity in Britain. It brought many new ideas and customs and also many __religious___ terms such as abbot, candle, altar, etc.
33. The forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function are ___affixes___.
34. The process of changing the word \into \is called __prefixation_. 36. Semantically, all __words__ are related in one way or another.
37. Fortuitous formerly denoted 'happening by chance', 'accidental' and later took on the meaning 'fortunate' probably by _analogy_ because the two words look similar. 38. The sentence \is a hard businessman\is ambiguous due to __polysemy__.
39. The characteristic of idioms —__semantic_ unity can be reflected by the understanding of such idiom as \cats and dogs\
40. Definition, extra column and usage ___examples__ are the unique features of Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary (1987). Define 41. jargon
- jargon refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate among themselves. 42. derivational affix
自考00832英语词汇学2010-2018历年真题及答案汇总
