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第四部分 完型填空
一、题型介绍 1）题型特点
● 完形填空是一种测试学生的外语语言知识以及运用这种语言的综合能力的试题。 ● 通常从一篇词数250左右的文章中设空格20个，用时约18分钟。 2）试题要求
● 巩固、扎实、熟练的英语语法知识和丰富的英语知识。
● 文章阅读能力和技巧，特别是快速阅读理解能力，甚至是跳过一些词语的能力。
● 扎实的英语词组、短语、惯用法等固定搭配的知识，词语意义和词法的辨析能力。特别是以动词为中心的词组。
● 逻辑思维能力，特别是理解文章的整体内容、主题思想的能力和推理判断的能力。 ● 根据试题捕捉相关信息的能力。 3）考查要点
单项填空题考查的是熟练灵活运用大纲要求的词汇和语法知识的能力；完形填空题则在此基础上，更侧重于考查对全篇内容的理解能力，选择答案时，不仅要考虑句子结构是否完整、正确，还要跳出句子层次，注意句与句之间、段与段之间、情节与情节之间或更大范围内的相互联系。单项填空题的选项中有的会有语法错误，有时可以直接排除这些错误项来减少干扰；完形填空题所提供的选项本身都没有错误，若将它们放入单句，都能成立，但就整篇文章来考虑，正确答案只有一个。例如：
（1）Japan is an island country and its______ go all over Japan.
（2）Japan is an island country and its______ go all over the Pacific looking for fish to catch.
（3）Japan is an island country and its______ go on the pacific looking for the missing people.
（4）Japan is an island country and its______ go all over Japan, sending people to and from work.
A.fishing boats B.life boats C.planes D.trains.
二、解题步骤
步骤一，注意首句，抓住关键，了解文章的中心思想。
文章的首句往往会交待全篇要讲的故事，要讲的话题或是要阐述的观点等，有着总启全文的作用，因此可以通过首句的提示作用，以及末尾的与之呼应的结尾句，判断文章体裁，预测全文大意和主旨及理解整篇文章。
同时要注意每一个段落的段首句。 步骤二，初选答案
文章读完了，了解大意后，便可以开始填空了。在填每个空格时，可以从出题者的出题思路着手，初步作出每个题的答案。总的来说，出题人有以下六种出题思路。
（一）词义与词形的辨析。选项与选项之间构成同义词、反义词、形近词的关系。有时出题者也借助选项，考察考生对某些单词词义的精确理解。
（二）逻辑关系。所填空格的句子，与上下文构成指代、列举、因果、比较、对比、让步、补充、递进等逻辑关系。
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（三）结构识别。这里讲到的结构，是指英文中表句子结构的固定词组，如not only…but…，as well，some…the others…等。
（四）固定搭配。这里的固定搭配，是指动词与名词之间的搭配。如：同样是“利用……”, 却有不同的搭配take advantage of sth. /make use of sth.
（五）动词的用法。考生应从动词的时态、语态（被动语态和主动语态）以及非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）几个角度逐一考虑。
（六）介词的用法。介词的用法中多考察介词与名词、介词与形容词及介词与动词的搭配和用法。这一步在整个做题过程中是最重要的一部分。 步骤三， 回头补缺
在做题时，如果有的难题一时做不出来，应立刻跳过此题，继续往下做。不提倡考生在某一题上花费大量的时间。道理不言自明，只要坚持往下做，随着空格变得越来越少，对文章的理解也越来越轻松，有时就能从下文的线索和暗示中找到答案，这样再回过头来填上答案，也未为晚也。 步骤四，核实答案
题目填完后（除个别难度较大的题目外），应利用一到两分钟将答案带入原文通读，通读的目的是通过“语感”来核实答案。这样读下来，不仅可以改正填错的词，而且还可以在这一过程中得到启发，把做不上来的题目填出来。
三、完型填空的试题类型 1.语境词汇题
语境词汇题是指词汇的选择要依赖于试题前后文的语境，如果在单句话中，四个选项可能都是正确答案，但是如果考虑到文章的语境，四个选项就只有一个正确答案。例如： A young woman was driving through the 56 countryside. 56.A.lovely B.lonely C.noisy D.crowded
A young woman was driving through the 56 countryside. It was dark and raining. 56.A.lovely B.lonely C.noisy D.crowded [答疑编号500220310201] 『正确答案』B
2.辨析题
辨析题包括形近词辨析和近义词辨析。例如：
When I was 16 years old, I made my first visit to the United States. It wasn’t the first time I had been 56 .
56.A.out B.aboard C.away D.abroad [答疑编号500220310202] 『正确答案』D
Then the young woman 67 the hitchhiker’s hands, which were large and hairy. 67.A.saw B.noticed C.watched D.observed [答疑编号500220310203] 『正确答案』B
3.固定搭配题
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固定搭配是指英语中一些固定的词组和短语，这些词组和短语在完型填空中考察的也很频繁。例如：
After a 62 she said to the old woman, “Have you been waiting for a long time?” The old woman shook her head.
62.A.while B.moment C.time D.period [答疑编号500220310204] 『正确答案』A
4.语法结构题
语法结构题主要考察英语中的各种语法。例如：
No matter 65 the young woman said the hitchhiker（搭便车的人） gave no answer 66 a nod of the head.
65.A.when B.which C.how D.what [答疑编号500220310205] 『正确答案』D
66.A.except for B.apart from C.other than D.more than [答疑编号500220310206] 『正确答案』B
四、完型填空的答题技巧
对于不同的试题类型要采用不同的答题方法和答题技巧，下面作一详细分析。 1.语境词汇题的答题技巧
※ 通过分析试题前后文的语境获得正确答案。
A young woman was driving through the 56 countryside. It was dark and raining. Suddenly she saw an old woman 57 the side of the road, 58 her hand out as if she wanted 59 . “I can’t 60 her out in this weather,” the woman said to herself, so she stopped the car and opened the door.
[答疑编号500220310301]
“Do you want a lift?” she asked. The old woman 61 and climbed into the car. After a 62 she said to the old woman, “Have you been waiting for a long time?” The old woman shook her head. “ 63 ,” thought the young woman. She 64 again. “Bad weather for the time of the year.” She said. The old woman nodded. No matter 65 the young woman said the hitchhiker （搭便车的人） gave no answer 66 a nod of the head. [答疑编号500220310302]
Then the young woman 67 the hitchhiker’s hands, which were large and hairy. Suddenly she 68 that the hitchhiker was 69 a man! She stopped the car. “I can’t see out of the rear screen,” she said, “Would you mind 70 it for me?” The hitchhiker nodded and opened the door. 71 the hitchhiker was out of the car, the frightened young woman 72 . [答疑编号500220310303]
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When she got to the next village she 73 to a stop. She noticed that the hitchhiker had 74 his handbag 75 . She picked it up and opened it. She gave a gasp（喘气）; inside the bag was a gun!
[答疑编号500220310304] （语境词汇题共8道）
56.A.lovely B.lonely C.noisy D.crowded 57.A.at B.beside C.by D.near
58.A.holding B.to hold C.to be holding D.to be held 59.A.an aid B.a taxi C.a car D.a lift 60.A.permit B.leave C.allow D.order
61.A.answering B.shook C.nodded D.smiles 62.A.while B.moment C.time D.period
63.A.Curious B.Interesting C.Strange D.Wonderful 64.A.told B.did C.made D.tried 65.A.when B.which C.how D.what
66.A.except for B.apart from C.other than D.more than 67.A.saw B.noticed C.watched D.observed
68.A.recognized B.realized C.recovered D.remembered 69.A.practically B.basically C.actually D.probably 70.A.clear B.cleared C.to clear D.clearing
71.A.As long as B.As far as C.As soon as D.As well as 72.A.raced off B.ran away C.fell down D.moved on 73.A.pulled B.picked C.pushed D.paused 74.A.lift B.lost C.laid D.left
75.A.beneath B.behind C.backwards D.afterwards 参考答案： 56-60 BAADB 61-65 CACDD 66-70 BBBCD 71-75 CAADB
2.辨析题的答题技巧
※ 如果选项中含有两个形近词或近义词，那么这两个选项里面必定有一个正确答案。 ※ 掌握一些经常考到的形近词和近义词的区别
In mostcultures, when you meet acquaintances for the first time during a day, it is normal to greet them. The main purpose of this greeting is to 56 good relationship between the people 57 and each language usually has 58 set phrases which can be used for this purpose. Sometimes, though, there can be 59 differences in the type of phrases which can be used, and cultural misunderstandings can easily 60 .The following is a true example. [答疑编号500220310401]
A young British woman went to Hong Kong to work, and at the time of her 61 she knew nothing about the Chinese culture of language. 62 her way to school one day, she went to the bank to get some money. 63 , the bank clerk asked her if she had had her lunch. She was extremely surprised 64 such a question because in the British culture it would be 65 an indirect invitation to lunch. Between unmarried young people it can also 66 the young
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man's interest in dating the girl. 67 this bank clerk was a complete stranger 68 the British girl, she was very much taken aback（生气），and hastily commented that she had eaten 69 . After this she 70 to school and was even more surprised when one of the teachers asked the same question. By now she 71 that it could not be an invitation, but was puzzled 72 why they asked it. 73 the following days she was asked the same question again and again. Only much later 74 that the question had no real meaning 75 — it was merely a greeting. [答疑编号500220310402]
56.A.build on B. build up C. build into D. build out 57.A.concerned B. concern C. concerning D. to concern
58.A.a number of B. thenumberof C. the amount of D. an amount of 59.A.considered B. considering C. considerable D. considerate 60.A.raise B. arise C. arouse D. lead
61.A.arrive B. arrived C. arrives D. arrival 62.A.In B. To C. By D. On
63.A.To her disappointment B.In her disappointment C.To her surprise D.In her surprise 64.A.on B. at C. to D. with
65.A.regarded as B. defined as C. looked as D. thought as 66.A.reflect B. intend C.release D. indicate 67.A.Since B. That C. Far D. With 68.A.with B. by C. to D. at
69.A.yet B. already C. too D. at all
70.A.processed B. produced C. provided D. proceeded 71.A.released B. relieved C. realized D. regretted 72.A.with regards B. as to C. as if D. as far as 73.A.In B. On C. At D. For
74.A.shediscovered B. she did discover C.did she discover D. does she discover 75.A. above all B. after all C. inall D. at all 【答案】56-60 BAACB 61-65 DDCBA 66-70 DACBD 71-75 CBACD
经常考到的形近词和近义词的区别： 1）代词
few, a few, little, a little
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北京市成人学位英语第二部分词汇
