Us 3
In 1782, the french who settled in pennsy first asked the question \what is an American\ Letters from An American Farmer.
The New world of america was peopled as a result of two long-continuing immigration movements, the first one from Asia and the second from Europe and Africa.
American indians had developed three brilliant civilizations before the Europeans arrived. These three civilizations were the Aztecs, the Incas and the Mayas.
Columbus discovered the new world in the year of 1492 The English king claimed the territory of North America based on the voyage of John Cabot.
Martin luther was the first to start the Religious reformation and the next important leader of the reformation was John Calvin. The first permanent settlement in north america was established in today's Virginia in the year of 1607.
The crop tobacco that was transplanted from the west indian saved virginia. lord Baltimore who set up the colony of Maryland was Catholics in religion. New england was founded by a group of religious believers called Puritans while pennsylvania was planted by William Penn who was a Quakev in religion. Us 4
After the war of independence was won, the national government was called the congress and the agreement that guided the government was the Articles of Confederation.
The city where the declaration of independence was signed and where the US constitution was made is Philadelphia.
The constitutional convention was held in the year of 1787 and the president of the convention was George Washington. The constitution set up a federal system with a strong central government. A federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constitution with some rights reserved to each.
The US federal government consists of the following three branches: the executive ,the legislative and the judicial. The congress is divided into the House of Representatives with 435 members who serve two year terms, and the Senate with 100 lawmakers who serve sixyear terms.
Group who try to persuade congressmen to vote for or against a bill are known as lobbies.
The supreme court is composed of 1 chief justice and 8 associate justice. The supreme court has the function of determining whether congressional legislative or executive action violates the constitution. this power is
called judicial review.
There are 26 amendments to the US constitution The two major political parties are the democratic party, which is thought to be more liberal, and the republican party, which is believed to be more conservative.
US unit6
1. WASP stands for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant.
2. The Great Awakening of the 1740s tried to breathe new feeling and strength into religion, and cut across the the lines of protestant religious group.
3. According to John Locke, the right to govern comes from an agreement or social contract voluntarily entered into by free people.
4. Deists believes that reason teaches that God exists but leaves man free to settle his own affairs5. The majority of the Catholics in the US are descendants of immigrants from Ireland, Italy and Poland.
6. Prayer and Bible reading in public schools in the US are unconstutional.
7. The Three Faiths in the US refer to Protestant, Cathonlic and Jewish.
8. According to the text, in England, four-fifths of the people except Catholics go to church less than once a month; in Sweden the majority hardly ever go to church at all. Yet half of American Protestants are active church members. 9. Freedom of religious belief or non-belief is provided in the The First Amendment in the US Constitution.
10. The first Catholic president in the US was . Kennedy.
US unit7
1. Washington lrving and James Fenimore Cooper are the two major writers of the post-Revolutionary period.
2. \Masque of the Red Death\and \Fall of the House of usher\were stories written
3. In 1852, a New England woman named Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote a novel titled Uncle Tom' Cabin, which intensified the political debate on slavery.
4. Mark Twain's The Adentures of Huckleberry Finn is considered the greatest novel in American literature.
5. Upton Sinclair's novel The Jungle exposed the horrible lives of meat-packing factory workers.
6. Ezra Pound's poetry is famous for imagism, the use of strong, concrete images.
7. . Eliot's long poem The Waste Land revealed a pessimistic view of post-World War I society. He dominated the so-called “Modern” movement in poetry.
8. After World War I, many novelists produced literary works of disillusionment. Some of them lived abroad and were known as the “Lost Gerneration”.
9. F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Great Gatsby was about youth's golden dream turning to disappointment.
10. The following three novels were the best-known written by Ernest Hemingway: The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms. 11. William Faulkner effectively uses the stream of consciousness, multiple points of view, symbolism and imagery in his novels.
12. Eugene O'Neil is a great American playwright, whose plays include Desire Under the Elms and Long Day's Journey into Night.
13. John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath was a portrait of a poor family during the period of the Depression.
14. Richard Wright wrote the novel The Native Son, and Ralph Ellison wrote the novel Invisible Man. Both were black writers.
15. The representative work of the \Generation\was Alan Ginsberg's poem Howl.
16. Toni Morrison won the Nobel prize for Literature in 1993, the first Afro-American writer to receive this honor.
UK unit 1
1. The full name of United kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
2. The island of Great Britain is made up of England, Scotland and Wales.
3. The United King has been a member of the European Union since 1973.
4. Britain is now a multiralcial society which produces a population of which 1 in 20 are of non-European ethnicity. 5. London plays a significant role in Britain's economic and cultural life, it's not only the financial centre of the nation, but also one of the major international financial centres in the world.
6. Britain is a country with a history of invasions. In 43 AD Britain was invaded by the Roman Empire in the late 8
th century they experienced raids from Scandinavia and in the 11th century they suffered invasions from Normans.
7. The Anglo-Saxons began to settle in Britain in the fifth century.
8. The capital of Britain is London, which has great influence on the UK in all fields including government, finance, and culture. UK unit 1-2
9. Charles the First, king of Britain, was executed, because he arrempted to overthrow parliament in the English Revolution.
10. Name two Scottish cities which have ancient and internationally respected universities: Edingburgh and Glasgow.
11. The battle of Bannockburn led by Robert the Bruce succeeded in winning the full independence of Scotland.
12. Both the Scottish and Welsh people elect their members of parliaments to the London parliament and each holds 72 and 38 seats respectively.
13. The capital of Scotland is Edingburgh, which is well-known for its natural beauty.
14. Although wales is the smallest of the three nations on the mainland, it's good at getting investment from abroad, particularly Japan and the United States. UK unit 3-1
1. King Egbert, the ancestor of the present Queen, Elizabeth II, united England under his rule in 829.
2. The doctrine of the \right of kings\held that the sovereign derived his authority from God, not from his subjects.
3. During the civil war in the 17th century, those who represented the interests of Parliament are called roundheads, and those who supported the King were called loyalists.
4. In 1215, some feudal barons and the Church forced King John to sign the
Magna Carta to place some limits on the King's power. 5. In medieval times, kings would summon a group of wealthy barons and representatives of counties, towns and cities-called the Great Council to raise money.
6. In 1689, Parliament passed the Bill of Rights to ensure that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament. 7. In the 18th century, King George I left the job of chairing cabinet meetings to one of his ministers who later came to be called Prime Minister.
8. In Britain, the oficial head of state is the Queen, whi
le the real centre of political life is in the House of Commons.
9. The British Constitution consists of statute law, common law and conventions.
10. The most important function of the Parliament is to pass laws.
11. Strictly speaking, the Parliament today consists of the Queen, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
12. Life peers should be nominated by Prime Minister and appointed by the sovereign. UK unit4
1. The UK is divided into 650 constituencies with each of them represented by a member in the parliament.
2. The party which wins the majority seats in parliament forms the government and its party leader becomes the Prime Minister.
3. Normally, a government can be in power for 5 years, and then it has to resign and hold a general election.
4. If a government loses a vote of no confidence in the House of Commons, it has to resign.
5. The amount of time given to each party in the \electoral broadcasts\is proportional to the percentage of the vote which the party received at the previous election. 6. The Liberal Democrats are regarded by many people as comparatively constituency campaign and in their balance of the individual and the social.
7. There are three major parties in the UK: the Conservative party, the Labour party and the Liberal Democratic party. 8. National Health Service was established by the Labour government in 1948, providing health care for all the people.
9. From 1979 to 1997, the Conservative party won 4 consecutive elections and was in power for quite a long time. 10. People who do unskilled office work and skilled well-paid manual work are likely to be described as lower middle class.
11. A university teacher would probably read a newspaper like The Guardian while a manual worker would probably read The Sun.
12. One distinctive feature about the class system in Britain is that it still retains a hereditary aristocracy.
13. Most of the recent immigrants come from South Asian countries such as India Pakistan and Sri Lanka; and Caribbean countries such as Jamaica and Trinidad.
英美文化
