liability company with only one natural person shareholder or legal person shareholder.
本法所称一人有限责任公司，是指只有一个自然人股东或者一个法人股东的有限责任公司。 Article 58 One natural person is allowed to establish merely an one-person limited liability company, which shall not establish any more one-person limited liability company. 第五十八条 一个自然人只能投资设立一个一人有限责任公司。该一人有限责任公司不能投资设立新的一人有限责任公司。
Article 59 An one-person limited liability company shall, in the company registration, give a clear indication that it is solely-funded by one natural person or legal person and the same shall be specified in the business license of the company. 第五十九条 一人有限责任公司应当在公司登记中注明自然人独资或者法人独资，并在公司营业执照中载明。
Article 60 The bylaw of an one-person limited liability company shall be formulated by the shareholder. 第六十条 一人有限责任公司章程由股东制定。
Article 61 An one-person limited liability company has no board of directors. When the shareholder make a decision on any of the matters as listed in Article 38 of this Law, he shall make it in writing, sign it, and keep it in the company. 第六十一条 一人有限责任公司不设股东会。股东作出本法第三十七条第一款所列决定时，应当采用书面形式，并由股东签名后置备于公司。
Article 62 An one-person limited liability company shall make a financial report by the end of every fiscal year and have the report audited by an accounting firm.
第六十二条 一人有限责任公司应当在每一会计年度终了时编制财务会计报告，并经会计师事务所审计。
Article 63 If the shareholder of a one-person limited liability company is unable to prove that the property of the one-person limited liability company is independent from his own property, he shall bear joint liabilities for the debts of the company.
第六十三条 一人有限责任公司的股东不能证明公司财产独立于股东自己的财产的，应当对公司债务承担连带责任。
Section 4 Special Provisions on Wholly State-owned Companies 第四节 国有独资公司的特别规定
Article 64 The provisions of this Chapter shall apply to the establishment and organizational structure of the wholly state-owned companies. Any matter not covered by this Chapter shall be governed by the provisions of Sections 1 and 2 of this Chapter.
第六十四条 国有独资公司的设立和组织机构，适用本节规定；本节没有规定的，适用本章第一节、第二节的规定。
A \invested wholly by the state, for which the State Council or the local people's government authorizes the state-owned assets supervision and administration institution of the people's government at the same level to perform the functions of the capital contributor. 本法所称国有独资公司，是指国家单独出资、由国务院或者地方人民政府授权本级人民政府国有资产监督管理机构履行出资人职责的有限责任公司。
Article 65 The bylaw of a wholly state-owned company shall be formulated by the state-owned assets supervision and administration institution, or shall be drafted by the board of directors
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and then be submitted to the state-owned assets supervision and administration institution for approval.
第六十五条 国有独资公司章程由国有资产监督管理机构制定，或者由董事会制订报国有资产监督管理机构批准。
Article 66 Wholly state-owned companies do not have shareholders' meetings. The state-owned assets supervision and administration institution shall exercise the functions of the shareholders' meeting. The state-owned assets supervision and administration institution may authorize the company's board of directors to exercise some of the functions of the shareholders' meeting and decide on the important matters of the company, excluding those that must be decided by the state-owned assets supervision and administration, such as merger, split-up, dissolution of the company, increase or reduction of registered capital as well as the issuance of corporate bonds. For the merger, split-up, dissolution or application for bankruptcy of an important wholly state-owned company, it shall, be subject to the examination of the state-owned assets supervision and administration institution, and then be submitted to the people's government at the same level for approval.
第六十六条 国有独资公司不设股东会，由国有资产监督管理机构行使股东会职权。国有资产监督管理机构可以授权公司董事会行使股东会的部分职权，决定公司的重大事项，但公司的合并、分立、解散、增加或者减少注册资本和发行公司债券，必须由国有资产监督管理机构决定；其中，重要的国有独资公司合并、分立、解散、申请破产的，应当由国有资产监督管理机构审核后，报本级人民政府批准。
The term \wholly state-owned company\as mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be determined according to the provisions of the State Council. 前款所称重要的国有独资公司，按照国务院的规定确定。
Article 67 A wholly state-owned company shall establish a board of directors, which shall exercise its functions according to Articles 46 and 66 of this Law. Each term of office of the directors shall not exceed 3 years. The board of directors shall include representatives of the employees. 第六十七条 国有独资公司设董事会，依照本法第四十六条、第六十六条的规定行使职权。董事每届任期不得超过三年。董事会成员中应当有公司职工代表。
The members of the board of directors shall be appointed by the state-owned assets supervision and administration institution, but of whom the representatives of the employees shall be elected through the assembly of the representatives of the employees of the company. 董事会成员由国有资产监督管理机构委派；但是，董事会成员中的职工代表由公司职工代表大会选举产生。
The board of directors shall have one chairman and may have deputy chairmen. The chairman and deputy chairmen shall be designated by the state-owned assets supervision and administration institution from the members of the board of directors.
董事会设董事长一人，可以设副董事长。董事长、副董事长由国有资产监督管理机构从董事会成员中指定。
Article 68 A wholly state-owned company shall have a manager, whom shall be hired or dismissed by the board of directors. The manager shall exercise his powers according to Article 49 of this Law.
第六十八条 国有独资公司设经理，由董事会聘任或者解聘。经理依照本法第四十九条规定行使职权。
Upon consent of the state-owned assets supervision and administration institution, the members
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of the board of directors may concurrently hold the post of manager.
经国有资产监督管理机构同意，董事会成员可以兼任经理。
Article 69 None of the chairman, deputy chairmen, directors and senior managers of a wholly state-owned company may concurrently take up a post in any other limited liability company, joint stock limited company or any other economic organization unless it is so consented by the state-owned assets supervision and administration institution.
第六十九条 国有独资公司的董事长、副董事长、董事、高级管理人员，未经国有资产监督管理机构同意，不得在其他有限责任公司、股份有限公司或者其他经济组织兼职。
Article 70 The board supervisors of a wholly state-owned company shall be composed of at least 5 members, of whom the employees' representatives shall account for no less than 1/3, the specific percentage shall be specified by the bylaw. 第七十条 国有独资公司监事会成员不得少于五人，其中职工代表的比例不得低于三分之一，具体比例由公司章程规定。
The members of the board of supervisors shall be appointed by the state-owned assets supervision and administration institution, however, the employee representative members of the board of supervisors shall be elected by the assembly of the employee representatives of the company. The chairman of the board of supervisors shall be designated by the state-owned assets supervision and administration institution from the members of the board of supervisors.
监事会成员由国有资产监督管理机构委派；但是，监事会成员中的职工代表由公司职工代表大会选举产生。监事会主席由国有资产监督管理机构从监事会成员中指定。
The board of supervisions shall exercise the functions as mentioned in Article 53 (1) through (3) of this Law and those provided for by the State Council.
监事会行使本法第五十三条第（一）项至第（三）项规定的职权和国务院规定的其他职权。
Chapter III Transfer of Stock Right of A Limited Liability Company 第三章 有限责任公司的股权转让
Article 71 All or some of the stock rights of the shareholders of a limited liability company may be transferred among the shareholders.
第七十一条 有限责任公司的股东之间可以相互转让其全部或者部分股权。
Where a shareholder intends to transfer his/its stock rights to any one other than the shareholders, he shall obtain the consent from more than half of the other shareholders. The shareholder shall give the other shareholders a written notice about the matters related to the transfer of stock rights for their consent. If any of the other shareholders fails to give it a reply within 30 days after it receives a written notice, it shall be deemed to have consented to the transfer. If half or more of the other shareholders disagree to the transfer, the shareholders who disagree to the transfer shall purchase the stock rights to be transferred. If they refuse to purchase these stock rights, they shall be deemed to have consented to the transfer. 股东向股东以外的人转让股权，应当经其他股东过半数同意。股东应就其股权转让事项书面通知其他股东征求同意，其他股东自接到书面通知之日起满三十日未答复的，视为同意转让。其他股东半数以上不同意转让的，不同意的股东应当购买该转让的股权；不购买的，视为同意转让。
Under the same conditions, the other shareholders have a preemptive right to purchase the stock rights to be transferred upon their consent. If two or more shareholders claim the
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preemptive right, they shall determine their respective purchase percentage through negotiation. If they fail to reach an agreement during the negotiation, they shall exercise the preemptive right on the basis of their respective percentage of capital contributions.
经股东同意转让的股权，在同等条件下，其他股东有优先购买权。两个以上股东主张行使优先购买权的，协商确定各自的购买比例；协商不成的，按照转让时各自的出资比例行使优先购买权。
Unless it is otherwise provided for the transfer of stock rights in the bylaw, the bylaw shall be followed. 公司章程对股权转让另有规定的，从其规定。
Article 72 When the people's court transfers the stock rights of a shareholder pursuant to the mandatory enforcement procedure as provided in laws, the court shall notify the company and all the shareholders that the other shareholders have a preemptive right under the same conditions. If any of the other shareholders fails to exercise the preemptive right within 20 days after he/it receives the notice of the court, it shall be deemed to have waived his preemptive right.
第七十二条 人民法院依照法律规定的强制执行程序转让股东的股权时，应当通知公司及全体股东，其他股东在同等条件下有优先购买权。其他股东自人民法院通知之日起满二十日不行使优先购买权的，视为放弃优先购买权。
Article 73 After a company transfers its stock rights according to Articles 71 and 72 of this Law, it shall cancel the capital contribution certificate of the former shareholder, issue a capital contribution certificate to the new shareholder and modify the shareholders and their capital contributions in the bylaw and the registry of shareholders. No voting of the shareholders' meeting is needed for the modification of the bylaw regarding the transfer of stock rights. 第七十三条 依照本法第七十一条、第七十二条转让股权后，公司应当注销原股东的出资证明书，向新股东签发出资证明书，并相应修改公司章程和股东名册中有关股东及其出资额的记载。对公司章程的该项修改不需再由股东会表决。
Article 74 Under any of the following circumstances, a shareholder, who votes against the resolution of the shareholders' meeting, may request the company to purchase its stock rights at a reasonable price: 第七十四条 有下列情形之一的，对股东会该项决议投反对票的股东可以请求公司按照合理的价格收购其股权：
(1)The company that has made profits for five consecutive years has failed to distribute any dividends to the shareholders for 5 consecutive years and conforms to the profit distribution conditions as prescribed in this Law; （一）公司连续五年不向股东分配利润，而公司该五年连续盈利，并且符合本法规定的分配利润条件的；
(2)The company is going to merge with others, to be split up, or transfer the major properties of the company to others;
（二）公司合并、分立、转让主要财产的；
(3)When the business term as specified in the bylaw expires or other reasons for dissolution as prescribed in the bylaw occur, the shareholders' meeting makes the company exist continuously by adopting a resolution to modify the bylaw. （三）公司章程规定的营业期限届满或者章程规定的其他解散事由出现，股东会会议通过决
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议修改章程使公司存续的。
Within 60 days after the resolution is adopted at the shareholders' meeting, if the shareholder and the company fails to reach an agreement on the purchase of stock rights, the shareholder may initiate a lawsuit in the people's court within 90 days after the resolution is adopted at the shareholders' meeting. 自股东会会议决议通过之日起六十日内，股东与公司不能达成股权收购协议的，股东可以自股东会会议决议通过之日起九十日内向人民法院提起诉讼。
Article 75 After the death of a natural-person shareholder, his lawful inheritor may inherit the shareholder's qualifications unless it is otherwise provided for by the bylaw. 第七十五条 自然人股东死亡后，其合法继承人可以继承股东资格；但是，公司章程另有规定的除外。
Chapter IV Establishment and Organizational structure of A Joint Stock Limited Company 第四章 股份有限公司的设立和组织机构
Section 1 Establishment
第一节 设立
Article 76 The establishment of a joint stock limited company shall satisfy the following conditions:第七十六条 设立股份有限公司，应当具备下列条件： (1)The number of promoters meets the quorum requirement; （一）发起人符合法定人数；
(2)The capital stock subscribed for by all its promoters or the paid-in capital stock raised is in compliance with the company bylaws;
（二）有符合公司章程规定的全体发起人认购的股本总额或者募集的实收股本总额； (3)The issuance of shares and the preparatory work conform to the provisions of laws; （三）股份发行、筹办事项符合法律规定；
(4)The bylaw is formulated by the promoters, and is adopted at the establishment meeting if the company is to be launched by stock floatation;
（四）发起人制订公司章程，采用募集方式设立的经创立大会通过；
(5)The company has a name and its organizational structure complies with that of a joint stock limited company
（五）有公司名称，建立符合股份有限公司要求的组织机构； (6)The company has a domicile. （六）有公司住所。
Article 77 A joint stock limited company may be established by the way of promotion or stock floatation.
第七十七条 股份有限公司的设立，可以采取发起设立或者募集设立的方式。
The establishment of a company by promotion means that the promoters establish a company by subscribing to all of the shares that should be issued by the company. 发起设立，是指由发起人认购公司应发行的全部股份而设立公司。
The establishment of a company by stock floatation means that the promoters establish a company by subscribing to some of the shares that should be issued by the company and offering the remaining shares to the general public or to a group of specified people for subscription.
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中华人民共和国公司法（2013修正）（中英文）
