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大学英语语法汇总
一、名词
(一)以S结尾的名词做主语的主谓一致 1、以s结尾的疾病和游戏
arthritis,bronchitis,rickets,measles,mumps,diabetes,darts,marbles做主语时谓语动词应使用单数形式。例:Arthritiscausespaininthejoints. 特殊情况:有一些疾病/游戏名词作谓语动词可单可复:measles,rickets Cards做主语动词用复数;darts,marbles指游戏使用的具体的镖和弹子意义时,谓语动词marbles可单可复,darts用复数形式。 例:MeaslesalwaPscccur/occursamongkids. Ninedartsarethrownateachturn. 2、以s结尾的学科名称
phPsics,mathematics,optics,acoustics,politics,athletics,tactics,linguistics,etc做主语时谓语动词使用单数。
例:MathematicsisalwaPsaheadacheforgirls. PoliticsalwaPsattractsboPs.
特殊情况:如果这些词并不是只带“学科”等意义,谓语动词便可做复数使用。例如,mathematics运算能力,athletic体育运动,acoustics音响效果,tactics策略,economics经济学意义。
例:TheacousticsinBonJovi’sTulsaconcertwerebePondcriticismlastspring. 3、以s结尾的地理名称
TheStates,theunitedstates,theNetherlands,thePhilippines,theUnitedArabEmirates,theUnitedNation做主语时,谓语动词使用单数。
例:TheNetherlandsisaEuroupeancountrP.TheSatesisadevelopedcountrP 特殊情况:如果主语是群岛archipelago,山脉mountains,海峡straits,瀑布waterfalls,运动会games等,谓语动词则使用复数。
例:TheNanshaIslands(TheSpratlPIslands)areintegralpartofChina.
TheWuPimountainsarepicturesque.
TheOlPmpicGamesareheldeverPfourPears. 4、其他以S结尾的名词
(1)成双成对出现的名词做主语时:例如jeans,compasses(圆规)
scissors,pincers,glasses,pants,shorts,trousers,slacks,suspenders等谓语动词使用复数. 例:Theslacksaresocompleteful.TheHengdaliglassesaresopriceP.但是加上单位词则使用单数。
例:OnepairofglassesisfarfromenoughwhenPoutravelabroad. (2)英语中还有一些以s结尾的名词,如
archives,arms,clothes,contents,eaves,fireworks,firecrackers,goods,morals,thanks等,谓语动词使用复数。
例:Thefirecrackersaresoloud.ManPthanksgotomPwifeandherfloks. (3)Ings结尾的名词谓语动词一般使用复数。如,
clippings,diggings,earnings,fillings,sweepings,etc 例:HisearningsareprettPgood.
特殊情况:tidings(旧)做主语时谓语动词可单可复。
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例Goodtidingsarecheerful.
(4)英语中有一些词,单复数同形,例如
barracks,headquarters,means,series,species,works,sheep,deer谓语动词根据实际情况而定。
例:Thismeansoftransportationdoesnotworkforme. Thismeanshavebeentried.
TheseendangeredspeciesarewellprotectedinmainlandChina. (5)少数的名词做单数和复数时意义不一样。 例:Whatistheodds?(有什么要紧)
Theoddsareinourfavors.(形式对我们有利)
特殊情况:Remains做“遗体”时,谓语动词使用复数,如果当“遗迹”“剩余物”时,谓语动词可单可复。
例:Theprimeminister’sremainswereburiedinthevicinitPofthechurch.
Thereremainsoftheancientcapitalhasbeenreducedtodebrisafterthemassivequake.
Theremainsofthemealwas/werefedtothedog. (二)集体名词做主语的主谓一致 1、通常做复数的集体名词
police,people,cattle,militia,poultrP,personal,clergP,vermin等做主语时谓语动词使用复数。
例:TheclergPremaindividedontheissueofwomenpriests. Thepersonal(总称:员工)arereluctanttoaltertherules.
2、通常做单数的集体名词:foliage(叶子总称),machinerP,equipment,furniture,merchandise,clothing(clothes),poetrP(poem,poet),baggage,luggage,scenerP,jewellerP(jewel). 例:AllthemachinerPismadeinChina.
Thewoodenfurnitureisunaffordable. 3、可单可复的集体名词:
congregation,familP,government,public,crew,class,committee,audience,couple,nation,population等谓语动词根据实际情况对待。
例:ThefamilPisalargeone.ThefamilPareeatingsalmonattable. 4、Acommittee/panel/boardof+pl.,谓语动词通常使用单数。例:ApanelofeGpertsistogiveitsopiniononwaPstotacklecongestion. (三)problemsofconcordwithacoordinatesubjiect 1、and连接的是一个人/一件事
例:TheteacherandinterpreterhasbeenlaidupforacoupleofdaPs.
EarlPtobedearlPtorisemakesamanhealthP,wealthP,andwise. 2、and连接成对出现的名词:
knifeandfork,cartandhorse,needleandthread,lawandorder,breadandbutter,hamandeggs,cerealandmilk,fishandchips,pancakesandsPrup,etc. 例:BreadandbutterisatastPbreakfastinwesternculture.
FishandchipsisapopularPtake-awaPfoodthatoriginatedintheUnitedKingdom.
3、and连接everP/each/no/manPa+单数名词,谓语动词使用单数。
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例:EverPmaleandeverPfemalehastoevacuatefromthepowerplant.
ManPamanandwomaninthiscommunitPfindshimselforherselfinneed. NoboPandnogirlisplaPingtennis.
4、and连接专有名词:theStarsandStripes,theBatandball. 例:
ThebatandBallisadelightfulInnwithlotsofeGposedbeams,flagstonefloors,roaringlogfires&cathedralcandlesallcreatingatraditionalvillageatmosphere.
TheStarsandStripeswasadoptedastheflagoftheUnitedStatesonJune14,1777. 5、or/either...or.../not..but../notonlP..butalso../neither..nor..连接的主语按TheprincipleofproGiomitP(就近原则) 例:EitherPouorIamwrong.AreeitherPouorIwrong? 6、主语
+asmuchas/ratherthan/morethan/nolessthan/aswellas/inadditionto/with/alongwith/togetherwith/eGcept/but,etc.
例:Ateacher,withhisstudents,iswatchinganEnglishmovie.
Theking,withthelordsandcommons,constitutestheirgovernment.
Hiscousinratherthanhisparentsisheldresponsibleforthisinhumanemassacre (四)ProblemsofconcordwitheGperessionsofquantitPassubject 1、DefiniteQuantitP(确定数量)
①时间、数量、金钱、距离、重量等做主语时作为整体看待
例:100dollarsmeansalottoakindofhisage.300poundsmakesanobeseguP. ②Therebe句型例外:Thereare10dollaresinhispocket.
③Fraction分数/percentage百分数+of,谓语动词和of后的名词保持一致 例:Twothirdsoftheappleisrotten.
Eightpercentofthestudentshavebeenmuggedinthisarea. ④population例FiftP-fivepercentofChina’spopulationliveintheruralarea ⑤operations运算
Addition加:plus,andAubtraction减:minus,subtractedbP
Multiplication乘:(multiplied)bP,timesDivision除:dividedbP 都可以使用单数,但是加法和乘法有时候可以用复数。 FortPminustwentPleavestwentP.TwotimesequalssiGteen. ⑥onein/outofn.一般使用单数,有时使用复数 例:Oneintengirlsdatesincollege. 2、IndefiniteQuantitP(不确定数量)
①all/some/none/half/mostof+n.谓语动词根据of后面的名词来定 例:MostofthemonePhasbeenspentontravelingabroad.
MostoftheAmericanhighschoolboPshavedates. NonebutthebestcoffeeisgoodenoughforLPnne.
②aportion/series/pile/panelof,of后面的名词一般使用单数
例:Apileoflogsispilingup.ApanelofeGpertsisunabletoreachanagreement. ③akind/tPpe/sortof,of后面通常跟不可数名词或者单数名词,谓语动词使用单数。
ThistPpeofsportscarisreallPcostlP.但CarsofthistPpearecostlP.
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[实用参考]大学英语语法汇总.doc



