基于状态观测器的蒸汽温度控制和诊断系统的设
计……诊断部分
摘 要
锅炉热力系统在整个电厂中占具着十分重要的地位。深入研究锅炉热力系统的温度控制一直以来都是国内外学者的重要研究方向，并且至今仍十分活跃。研究锅炉热力系统的动态特性，有助于了解锅炉乃至整个机组的动态特性，为锅炉性能分析、运行优化、故障诊断提供依据，同时，又能帮助解决如何提高锅炉温度控制效果。
本文首先介绍了蒸汽温度控制以及故障诊断领域的研究发展情况，传统的PID控制器具有简单和鲁棒性的特点，但是对于大惯性和大延迟的热工对象常规PID控制往往不能取得令人满意的效果。分析表明，工况参数对汽温被控对象有较大的影响。针对过热汽温的这个特点，采用添加状态反馈的方法。通过状态反馈改善被控对象的动态特性，状态反馈对被控对象的极点位置进行重新配置，使得等效对象的极点处于合适的位置，状态反馈能够改善被控对象的动态特性，提高控制性能。
针对具有延迟纯滞后的主汽温对象设计了基于状态观测器的蒸汽温度控制和诊断系统，外回路采用了PID控制器，控制系统具备了一定的鲁棒性，将状态反馈用于内回路，明显地改善了控制效果。通过合理的状态观测器的极点配置，将状态观测器用于传感器故障诊断。采用基于模型的故障诊断方法实现了对主汽温控制系统传感器的典型故障的检测。论文总结了系统设计中极点配置的原则，仿真表明这种方法可以完成控制与传感器故障的诊断功能，简化了系统设计。
关键词：过热蒸汽；状态观测器；极点配置；故障诊断
Abstract
Superheated steam temperature control system of boiler is one of the most essential control system of generator units in thermal power plant. In-depth study boiler thermodynamic system temperature control has been an important research direction of scholars both at home and abroad, and still very active today. Research boiler thermodynamic system dynamic characteristics to understand the boiler and even the entire unit for boiler, the dynamic characteristic of the performance analysis, operation optimization, fault diagnosis, and at the same time, and provide basis for how can help solve heighten boiler temperature control effect.
Traditional PID controller has such characteristics as simple and robust. State feedback could improve dynamic characteristics of a controlled object. Using the pole placing of modem control theory in the method change the dynamic character of equivalent object lie in the appropriate location on the appropriate place. We design a state the steam temperature controller which based on state observer. In which its outer loop uses a PID controller and its inner loop adopts a state feedback controller. So this control system has robust and fine diagnosis using a state observer’s pole assignment we realize sensor’s fault diagnosis using a state observer. Typical fault of sensors in main steam temperature control system could be detected by fault diagnosis method based on model. Basic tenets on pole assignment are summarized in the papers. Simulation shows that this scheme could finish two functions of control and fault diagnosis，and made system design be simplified.
Key words: superheated steam; state observer; pole assignment; fault diagnosis
目
录
第1章 绪论 ........................................................ 1
1.1 控制理论的发展 .............................................. 1
现代控制理论的基本内容和发展 ................................ 2 基于状态观测器的传感器故障诊断的设计任务 .................... 2
第2章 电厂的过热蒸汽温度特性 ...................................... 4
2.1 电厂过热蒸汽温度控制的特点 .................................. 4
主汽温对象的一般特点 ........................................ 4 减温水扰动下过热蒸汽温度的动态特性 .......................... 4 输出反馈和状态反馈 .......................................... 6 状态反馈极点配置及算法 ...................................... 6
第3章 基于状态观测器的主汽温控制与诊断系统的设计 .................. 8
3.1 状态观测器的设计要求 ........................................ 8 3.2 状态反馈过热温度控制器的设计 ................................ 9
极点位置选取的一般原则 ..................................... 10 数学模型的建立 ............................................. 10 3.3 控制系统传感器的故障诊断 ................................... 11
基于状态观测器的传感器故障诊断原理 ......................... 11 传感器故障诊断的实现 ....................................... 14 3.4 系统仿真研究 ............................................... 14
控制的仿真 ................................................. 15 诊断系统的仿真 ............................................. 16
总结 .............................................................. 20 致谢 .............................................................. 21 参考文献： ........................................................ 22
基于状态观测器的蒸汽温度控制和诊断系统的设计---诊断部分【毕业作品】
