2018年高考英语专项：一词多义、熟词生义

2018高考英语之一词多义/熟词生义

2018高考英语之一词多义 / 熟词生义

? 中文意思中加粗的斜体字为该单词的生义，请特别注意。 ? 请翻译下列带有下划线的单词和词组。

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1.above / beyond: 后面接抽象而不是具体名词时表示“无法做到”，例如：“ above / beyond comprehension ” 2.absent adj．缺席的; 茫然的，恍惚的 He looked at me in an absent way． 3.absence n. 缺席，缺乏 in the absence of something。

4.absorb v. 吸收，理解；使全神贯注 She is absorbed in the pursuit of knowledge.

5.about prep．＆adv．到处＝（美）around （熟义：关于） We spent the whole afternoon walking about town． 6.abuse v.& n.（酗酒）滥用,虐待,谩骂 I was left shouting abuse as the car sped off.

What went on here was an abuse of power. Janet had been abused by her father since she was eleven 7.accept vt．＆vi．同意（接受别人的观点，看法） （熟义：接受） Tom accepted her explanation．②认可，领受，认为 I accept that the aircraft has no choice but to crash into the sea．

have access to something: 通道，通路；机会。“have access to town”表示，“have access to the teacher” 8.account “帐户，解释，解说，叙述”。 These figures disagree with our account. His account contradicted itself

9.acknowledge v. 承认, 答谢；报偿；告知已收到

He refused to acknowledge defeat. I acknowledge receipt of your letter of May 1. Jack acknowledged the gift with a pleasant letter. 10.act n. 行动；法令，条例；（戏剧，歌剧的）一幕 v. （戏）表演，扮演（角色），演出（戏）；行动，做事； 起作用 It takes a couple of minutes for the drug to act．

The prosecution was brought under the emergency act. 11. acquire获得，学会，兼并，占有。比如，acquire bad habits”“学会 坏习惯”，acquire a language( 一门语言)；acquire a firm( 一家公司)。 12. adapt v. 使适应，改编

She adapted the novel for movies. He adapted himself to the change quickly.

13.adopt 采取；接受；收养；正式通过 She was left an orphan and a poor peasant woman adopted her.

They adopt new techniques in raising sheep.

14.address vt．①称呼②向……发表演说；（熟义：地址，写地址） The president should be addressed as“Mr President’’ He is going to address the meeting in a minute． 15.admit vt．①允许进入 ②容纳 （熟义：承认） The servant opened the door and admitted me（into the house） 16.afford: 担负得起(损失、后果等)；足以；经得起；能受得住，够得上(做某事): He can’t afford to lose his job. 17.against prep．衬着，迎着，靠着，防备，预防；跟…反方向 ；(在比赛中) 与 (某人) 对阵（熟义：反

对，违背）The picture looks good against the white wall． / to drive against the traffic /We have saved some money against our old age This is the first of two games against 18.age vi. 成熟；变老 vt. 使成熟；使变老，使上年纪 She's aging rapidly.

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Denver in the next five days. / Joan was very much against commencing drug treatment.

2018高考英语之一词多义/熟词生义

19.agent: 代理人，代理机构，特工。在生物化学领域，这个词翻译成“介质，载体”，而在计算机英语中则是“服务器”.

20. agree with: 与…相符合 (气候、食物等)相宜，适宜，适合

Your story agrees with the facts. Long plane trips don't agree with me． 21.air n. 气氛，氛围，神态，风度；空军，航空；飞机 v. (用电视或无线电)播送：晾干；使通风 The television interview will be aired to all parts of the country. There was a comfortable air about her room． 22.allow 允许进入，让…进入； 承认(权利、要求等)；认可：allow somebody to do something: 中文可以翻译成“让，使得某个人可以去做某件事”。 Dogs and cats are not allowed. The invention of air-conditioners allows most of us to work in hot weather. 23.alone: 阅读中有时和“only”是同一个意思，即“仅仅”，但是要用在单词或者句子后面。 You can't live on bread alone. 24.amount n. 金额，数量/ v 总计；等同于

The bill amounts to$102. His failure to reply amounts to a refusal. 25.answer 回答,答复;回信; 应(门)；与…相符；满足要求，代用，(for): 负有责任，对(某事)负责(to， for)：to answer the door This dog answers your description. I will answer for her safety. This isn't a good one but it will answer. 26.appeal呼吁，恳求；appeal to somebody: “吸引某个人的注意力”。 appeal to court: 法律用语，“上诉”。 27.appoint v. 任命，委任，安排，确定（时间地点）

We appointed the school-house as place for the meeting. Who shall we appoint as chairperson? 28.apply: 申请；日常生活中是“涂抹，敷药”的含义。 apply to something: “适用于”。

to apply paint to a wall These remarks apply to every town in this country. 30.approach: 名词表示“方法，手段”，动词则是“处理，处置, 靠近”。 A storm is approaching. Most vendors have come around to recognizing that this is the most reasonable approach 31.argue: 在写作中可以表示“认为”，如果与介词同时使用，如“ argue for ”表示“支持”，“ argue against ”表示“反对”。 argument: “观点，主张”。 32.arrest one's attention: “引起某个人的注意”。

33.article: 日常生活购物场景下表示“一件商品”；法律之条款。The cost of this article includes packaging. We express our strong opposition to the willful interpretation of this article by a local Japanese court 34. associate: “联想”。 We associate dark clouds with depression and gloom. 35.attached: 附加的，附属的，依赖，眷恋；喜欢；We've grown very attached to this village 36.arm n．武器v．武装 （熟义：n．手臂） Lay down your arms or we'll fire！ 37. attend vt．＆vi．看护，治疗 （熟义：出席，上学） If you go out，who'll attend to the baby？ 38.available a. 可获得的，有空的Mr. Leach is on holiday and was not available for comment. 39.average adj. 平均的, 一般的, 通常的 He is an average man.

29.appreciate v. 欣赏； 感激 In order to appreciate the novel, one must be able to enter the spirit of the work

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2018高考英语之一词多义/熟词生义

40.awkward a. 尴尬的；笨拙的；棘手的；不方便的I was the first to ask him awkward questions but there'll be harder ones to come. It was small but heavy enough to make it awkward to carry. Amy made an awkward gesture with her hands. B

41.back vt．支持 （熟义：n．背） Many of his friends backed his plan． 42. badly adv．迫切;严重 （熟义：坏）=desperately The boy badly wants a bike． 43. balance:在经济英语中指的是“账面余额” （熟义：平衡）

I'd like to check the balance in my account please. 44.ball n. 球；舞会。

45.bank n. （河海湖的）岸，堤 n. 银行

46.bar n. 条（长方）块，棒，横木 n. （酒店的）买酒柜台；酒吧；（卖东西的）柜台

Fisher was behind bars last night, charged with attempted murder. 进了监狱。 47.bat n. （棒球、板球的）球棒 n. 蝙蝠

48.bargain: v. 讨价还价；议价；名词形式在口语中很常用，表示“物超所值的商品”。 At this price the wine is a bargain. 49.bear v. 承受，承担；忍受；容忍; 携带; 生 (孩子) n. 熊

...the constitutional right to bear arms. The ice was not thick enough to bear the weight of marching men. They will have to bear the misery of living in constant fear of war. Patients should not have to bear the costs of their own treatment. 50.beat (beat, beaten) v. 敲打；跳动；打赢 n （音乐）节拍

In yesterday's game, Switzerland beat the United States two to one. 51. beauty n. 美丽，美人

52.before conj．才；就 （熟义：以前） It was a long time before I got to sleep again． / I hadn't waited long before he came． / I’d die before I give up. / Do it before you forget. 53. benefit v. 有益于；对。。。有好处； n. 好处；优势；救济金

Both sides have benefited from the talks. Steve didn't have the benefit of a formal college education. ...the skyrocketing cost of health care and medical benefits. 54.bill n.账单；法案，议案； （美）钞票，纸币 55.blank n.& a 空格，空白（处）；空的；茫然无表情的

The stranger returned my greeting with a blank look． My mind's a complete blank! 56.block n. 大块；（木、石等）块；街区；路障 vt. 阻塞；阻挡 She walked four blocks down High Street. Some students today blocked a main road that cuts through the centre of the city. 57. blue n. 蓝色 a.蓝色的 a. 悲伤的；沮丧的

58.board: 名词最常用的含义是“委员会,董事会”，动词后面接交通工具则是“上火车，上船，上飞机”。 59.book n. 书；本子 v. 预定，定（房间、车票等）

60.boom n. / v. 繁荣，轰鸣，激增 An economic boom followed, especially in housing and construction. Sales are booming.

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2018高考英语之一词多义/熟词生义

61.bound adj. 有义务的；受约束的；装有封面的;一定的 v 束缚；跳跃 There are bound to be price increases next year. He bounded up the steps and pushed the bell of the door. 62.box n. 箱，盒子；包厢；一拳 vi. 拳击

On Friday, boys gathered after school in the backyard of Bryan Campbell (at far left) to wrestle and box. 63.branch: “分支机构”，看上下文可以翻译成为“分校，分公司，银行分行”等等。

64.break v. 打破；折断；弄坏；（使）破；打破（纪录）；突破；破晓；n. 破裂；间断；间歇 They continued the search as dawn broke.

65.brief: 动词可以表示“做简短介绍”，名词则是“短会”。 The chairman will brief the Board on the most recent developments.

66. budget: 日常生活中可以翻译成“购物计划”。

67.build n．身材，体型 （熟义：v．修建） =figure Perfect body build is what people crave to get. 68. business: 商业；[贸易] 生意；企业；事务The majority of small businesses fail within the first twenty-four months. If she doesn't want the police involved, that's her business. 69. but: prep 后面接名词时是“除…以外”，因此“anything but”中文为“就不是…”，而“nothing but”则为“就是…”

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70. campaign n. 活动；运动，战役 During his election campaign he promised to put the economy back on its feet. 71.can n．罐头vt．做成罐头 （熟义：能） Mother cans fruit．

72.capital n.首都.省会.大写；资本 Companies are having difficulty in raising capital. 73.cap: 本身的含义是“帽子”，但使用的时候则可以表示“最高部分，上限”。

74.carry v. 拿，扛；携带；支持；搬运; 传送;传播 Flowers are designed to attract insects which then carry the pollen from plant to plant. 75.cash n. 现款，现金 vt. 将…兑现；支付现款 cash a cheque

76.cast: 日常生活中的含义是“铸造，塑造”，但是有一些固定的词组搭配，比如“ cast a glance at something / somebody ”是“将眼光投向某个事物或某个人”，“ cast light on something =throw light upon”是“提供新信息，帮助理解”，而“ cast a shadow on something ”则是“在某件事情上投下阴影”。 77. case: 通常的含义是“情况“，如果在法律环境下则是“案例”。

78.cause n．事业 （熟义：n．起因，v．引起） The UN has done a lot for the cause of world peace． 79.celebrate vt. 庆祝；举行；赞美；祝贺 Do you celebrate life or do you hide in the shadows? 80.ceiling: 在经济和数学用语中通常表示“上限”。

81.cell: 日常生活中，“ cell phone ”是“移动电话”的美式用法，在生物学领域则是“细胞”的意思。 82.center : “以 … 为中心，围绕”。 Their talks always center around politics. 83.chair: 动词的意思是“主持”。

84.challenge v&n. 挑战；怀疑 The move was immediately challenged by two of the republics. 85.change . 变化；找回的零钱

86.chance: 科技英语中是“偶然性，可能性”的含义，因此“ by chance ”的意思是“偶然地”。 87.choice: 形容词的意思是“精选的”。

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2018高考英语之一词多义/熟词生义

88.channel: 动词的含义是“引导”，名词是“渠道，路径”的意思。

89.Charge n. 费用；电荷；掌管；控告；命令；负载vt. 使充电；使承担；指责；装载；对…索费；向…

冲去vi. 充电；控告；索价；向前冲；记在账上 He was arrested on a charge of armed robbery.

/ How much do you charge per unit? Alex had forgotten to charge the battery. 90.circulate 传播，流传；循环；流通 The document was previously circulated in New York at the United Nations

91.class n. （学校的）班；年级；课; 阶级；种类；等级; 品位[非正式] vt. 分类；把…分等级；把…归入某等级 What it will do is create a whole new ruling class. I class myself as an ordinary

working person. The most elegant woman I've ever met – she had class in every sense of the word.

92.claim: 主张；断言；声称有权：理应获得；索赔；需要。如果这个词后面接的是人，表示的含义是“让人丢了性命”。 The earthquake claimed thousands of lives. Now they are returning to claim what was theirs. 93.coat: 生物、化学及医药用语中是“表面，外皮”的含义 v. 为。。。加上一层东西 coat fish in flour 94.coach: n. 教练；旅客车厢；长途公车；四轮大马车 vt. 训练；指导

After her pro playing career, she coached a golf team in San Jose. A coach is a large, comfortable bus that carries passengers on long trips. 95.collect vt. 收集，搜集；聚集；募捐The party depends on whether or not we can collect enough money. 96.Comfort n. 安慰；舒适 vt. 安慰；使（痛苦等）缓和 This will enable the audience to sit in comfort while watching the shows. They will be able to take some comfort from inflation figures due on Friday. Ned put his arm around her, trying to comfort her. 97.command v & n 命令，指挥；控制；指令; 掌握

\ ...an excellent physician who commanded the respect of all her colleagues. ...the struggle for command of the air. ...the French general who commands the U.N. troops in the region. I entered the command into my navigational computer. His command of English was excellent. 98.commercial: adj. 商业的；营利的；名词是“电视商业广告”的含义，而“ advertisement ”一般指报纸中的广告。

99.communicate v. 通讯，传达；相通；交流；感染They successfully communicate their knowledge to others. 100.community: 与其他名词连用表示“界”，比如 scientific community 就是“ 科技界 ”，此外复数 communities 也有“ 社会 ”的含义。

101. complain: 在很多时候都是“投诉”的意思。 file complaint: 这个词组的含义也是“投诉”。

102.company n. 有人作伴；伙伴；客人（均为不可数） （熟义：公司） I've really enjoyed your company. 103.Compare v. 相比，匹敌；比较;比喻 The flowers here do not compare with those at home. 104. Complex adj. 复杂的；n. 复合体；综合设施；建筑群 105.be committed to something: “决心做某件事情”。

106.concern vt. 涉及，关系到；使担心，使卷入，使陷入。n. 关系；关心；关心的事

Provision of shelter was their main concern for the disaster victims. / concerning prep. 关于；就…而言

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