Emotional Intelligence Word count: 2534 Table of contents
1. Introduction................................................................................................ 3 2. Definition of Emotional Intelligence .............................................................. 3 3. Three main types of Emotional Intelligence ................................................. 4 3.1 The ability model of EI ............................................................................ 4 3.2 The mixed model of EI ............................................................................ 5 3.3 The trait model of EI ............................................................................... 6 4. Critically compare the three main theories ................................................... 6 5. The role of emotional intelligence in leading, performance and wellbeing ... 8 5.1 How emotional intelligence can play a role in leading............................. 8 5.2 How emotional intelligence can play a role in performance .................... 9 5.3 How emotional intelligence can play a role in wellbeing ....................... 11 6. Conclusion ................................................................................................. 12 References .................................................................................................... 12
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1. Introduction
Intelligence was always seen as the key factor to get success. Most of people thought that people who had high intelligence would easier to get success than others. However, the Harvard University psychologist Dr Daniel Goleman (1995) stated the concept of Emotional Intelligence and this concept was as important as the traditional intelligence. People can be guided to improve emotional intelligence while intelligence could not be changed. Today, with the development of the society, people are facing fast-paced life, working under high pressure and complicated interpersonal relationship. People will find it hard to achieve success without high emotional no matter in daily life or in business. People with high emotional intelligence always have lots of endorsement and support. What’s more, most people get along with the one who has high emotional intelligence. In the meanwhile, interpersonal relationship is the important resources of life (Salovey, Brackett and Mayer, 2004). Good interpersonal relationship will bring more opportunities in life and business. The 20 percent achievement of life can be up to IQ, the other 80% are affected by other factors, specially the EQ (Goleman, 1995).
In this report, the following parts will give the definition of the term emotional intelligence. In additional, the three main theories in this area: Mayor & Salovery, Goleman and Petrides will be critically compared in order to deeper study on emotional intelligence. After that, it will demonstrate how emotional intelligence can play a important role in leading, performance and wellbeing in a certain degree.
2. Definition of Emotional Intelligence
In 1930s, Edward Thorndike (1937) presented the concept of social intelligence and he suggested that it was an ability to get along well with others. Then in 1940s, David Wechsler (1940) suggested that affective components of intelligence could be vital to achieve success in life. In 1990s, Salovery and
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Mayer published the article “Emotional Intelligence”. They stated that emotional intelligence is the gathering social intelligence and it includes the abilities to monitor one’s and other’s emotions and feelings, to distinguish them as well as using these information to guide one’s thinking, reaction and emotion (1993). However, Salovery and Mayor didn’t arouse much focus on it. Until 1995, Goleman published the influential book “Emotional intelligence” and he described that EI is to manage feeling and emotions in order to express them appropriately, timely and effectively, so that people can work or communicate smoothly (1995). Although a lot of psychologists presented the concepts of EI, yet there was no an accurate definition. However, It can be concluded from previous descriptions that EI is the ability to recognize and adjust one’s feeling and other’s feeling, to motivate oneself and others, and to manage emotions well in oneself and in one’s relationship. 3. Three main types of Emotional Intelligence
Nowadays, emotional intelligence is increasingly used in enterprise management. For organization managers, emotional intelligence is an important part of leadership. There are three main types of theories which are the ability model, the mixed model and the trait model. These different genres have different definitions and measurements on EI. 3.1 The ability model of EI
From 1990 to 2000, Mayer and Salovery increasingly consummated the EI theory and the EI theory was first came up by them. From the beginning that EI concept has been proposed, and then it was classified to the social intelligence, later it was seen as a kind of ability and no long a type of social intelligence (Reissland, 2012). This kind of ability was separated into four dimensions (Mayer & Salovey, 1997):
Emotional perception and expression- it refers to the ability to recognize and express the emotions of oneself from his physiological status, emotional
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experience, and the ideology. This also includes individual’s ability to identify and recognize others’ emotions.
Emotional usage- it is an ability to facilitate cognitive behavior, to make individuals have higher efficiency on the behavior of problem solving, reasoning, and decision-making.
Emotional understanding- it refers to the ability to understand the complex emotions and to understand the possibility and the reason of emotional transforming.
Emotional management- it refers that individuals’ ability to judge and turn into or turn out from some kind of emotion according to the information which individuals has received. In additional, it is the ability to perceive and adjust one’s and others emotions. 3.2 The mixed model of EI
Goleman and Bar-on are the representatives of the mixed model, they presented that EI was a comprehensive structure which includes five dimensions (Goleman, 1995; Bar-on, 1997):
Self-understanding- it helps to monitor the changes of emotional over time. It can perceive people’s internal world experience and it is the core of IQ. People can dominate their life only if they understand themselves.
Self-management- it refers to adjust and control one’s emotion well, and make it show up timely and appropriate.
Self-motivation- it refers to the ability of emotional transfer and emotional conduct according to some kind of tasks. This ability makes people get out of trouble and able to start it off again.
Empathy- it refers that people can feel other’s needs and desires sensitively through imperceptible social signal. It is the foundation to communicate with others smoothly.
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