XX大学
毕业设计(论文)
题目 减速器箱体9个孔钻组合机床设计
学生姓名 学 号 指导教师(签字)
2014 年 月 日
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摘 要
本论文主要说明组合机床设计的基本过程及要求。组合机床是按高度集中原则设计的，即在一台机床上可以同时完成同一种工序或多种不同工序的加工。组合机床发展于工业生产末期，与传统的机床相比：组合机床具有许多优点：效率高、精度高、成本低。它由床身、立柱、工作台、及电源一些基本部件及一些特殊部件，根据不同的工件加工所需而设计的。
在组合机床上可以完成很多工序，但就目前使用的大多数组合机床来说，则主要用于平面加工和孔加工两大类工序。论文主要内容包括四大部分：
（1）、制定工艺方案 通过了解被加工零件的加工特点、精度和技术要求、定位夹紧情况、生产效率及机床的结构特点等，确定在组合机床上完成的工艺内容及加工方法，并绘制被加工零件工序图。
（2）、组合机床的总体设计
确定机床各部件之间的相互关系，选择通用
部件和刀具的导向，计算切削用量及机床生产效率、绘制机床的尺寸联系图及加工示意图。
（3）、组合机床部件设计
包括专用多轴箱的设计，传动布局合理，轴
与齿轮之间不发生干涉，保证传动的平稳性和精确性。专用主轴设计、轴承的选用及电机的选择等。
（4）、液压装置的设计 液压滑台、定位夹紧装置均为液压控制。并采用了许多液压控制阀，保证了运动的平衡性，循环性和精确性。
关键词：组合机床；设计；过程；功能
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ABSTRACT
This thesis mainly elucidates the basic process and requirements that design of the combination machine. Combination machine is designed according the fundamental , which highly centralized ,or , more correctly it can process one working procedure or more different working procedures at one time . Combination machine was developed in the end of industrial production compared with traditional machine; combination machine has many advantages , such as high efficiency , high accuracy and low cost . It is composed of some general parts , such as bed ,column ,work able ,power unit ,and some special parts designed according to different work piece machining need.
The preface of a lot of works can be completed on the combination machine, but in regard to the majority current usage of combination machine, then and primarily used for the flat surface to process and the bore to process two big work preface. The main part including :(1) Formulating technological plan We,ve learned the characteristic of the part designed ,accuracy and specification ,locating and fixing ,productivity and machining structure by the practice .Then the technological operation and work order can be determined which can be finished in combination machine.(2) Combination machine frame design determines the interrelation of the different part in the machining tool ,select general parts and tool oriented .Then compute cut feed and productivity finally draw a sketch map of the machine .(3) Combination machine parts design including headstock、proper transmission layout 、shaft and gear move freely without interference which ensure the stability and accuracy during transmission ,then design dedicated select bearings and engine etc.(4) It adopts many hydraulic control valves ,which ensure the stability ,circulation and accuracy .
Keywords: combination machine ;design ;process ;function
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目 录
摘 要 ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................... 3 目 录 ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 1 绪论 ............................................................................................................................................................ 6
1.1 组合机床的特点.............................................................................................................................. 6 1.2设计方法和步骤............................................................................................................................... 7 1.3组合机床的发展趋势 ....................................................................................................................... 7
1.3.1提高通用部件的水平 ............................................................................................................ 7 1.3.2发展适应、小批生产的组合机床 ........................................................................................ 8 1.4 组合机床的方案选择 ...................................................................................................................... 8 2 减速器箱体机械加工工艺......................................................................................................................... 9
2.1 了解零件的功用及技术要求 .......................................................................................................... 9 2.2分析零件的结构工艺性 ................................................................................................................... 9 2.3毛坯选择 .......................................................................................................................................... 9
2.3.1毛坯的种类 ............................................................................................................................ 9 2.3.2铸件制造方法的选择 ............................................................................................................ 9 2.3.3铸件的尺寸公差与加工余量 .............................................................................................. 10 2.4定位基准的选择............................................................................................................................. 10 2.5 拟定工艺路线.................................................................................................................................11
2.5.1确定各表面的加工方法 .......................................................................................................11 2.5.2加工顺序的安排 ...................................................................................................................11 2.5.3确定加工余量 ...................................................................................................................... 12 2.5.4计算工序尺寸及公差 .......................................................................................................... 13 2.6确定各工序切削用量 ..................................................................................................................... 13 2.7机床及工艺装备的选择 ................................................................................................................. 13 3 组合机床的总体设计............................................................................................................................. 18
3.1 组合机床方案的制定 .................................................................................................................. 18
3.1.1 制定工艺方案 ................................................................................................................... 18 3.1.2 确定组合机床的配置形式和结构方案。 ....................................................................... 18 3.2 确定切削用量及选择刀具 .......................................................................................................... 20
3.3.1 确定工序间余量 ............................................................................................................... 20 3.3.2 选择切削用量 ................................................................................................................... 20 3.3.3 确定切削力、切削扭矩、切削功率 ............................................................................... 20 3.3.4 选择刀具结构 ................................................................................................................... 21 3.3 钻孔组合机床总设计“三图一卡”的编制 .............................................................................. 21
3.3.1 被加工零件工序图 ........................................................................................................... 21 3.3.2 加工示意图 ....................................................................................................................... 23 3.3.3 机床联系尺寸图 ............................................................................................................... 27 3.3.4 生产率计算卡 ................................................................................................................... 29 3.4 多轴箱的设计.............................................................................................................................. 30
3.4.1 绘制多轴箱设计原始依据图 ........................................................................................... 30 3.4.2 齿轮模数选择 ................................................................................................................... 31 3.4.3 多轴箱的传动设计 ........................................................................................................... 31 3.4.4 绘制传动系统图 ............................................................................................................... 33
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3.4.5 传动零件的校核 ............................................................................................................... 34 3.5 夹具设计的计算............................................................................................................................ 35
3.5.1 受力计算............................................................................................................................. 35 3.5.2 夹紧力................................................................................................................................. 36 3.6 机床的液压滑台系统的具体设计 ................................................................................................ 36
3.6.1 液压缸所受的外负载 ......................................................................................................... 36 3.6.2 拟定液压系统原理图 ......................................................................................................... 37 3.6.3 液压系统的计算和选择液压元件 ..................................................................................... 38
结 论 .......................................................................................................................................................... 42 致 谢 ............................................................................................................................................................ 43 参考文献 ...................................................................................................................................................... 44
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减速器箱体9个孔钻组合机床设计
