题 目学 院专业班级姓 名学 号指导教师日 期 测绘学院本科课程论文
非洲大蜗牛的信息及防治 地质与环境学院 环境工程2002 张宇杰 20409050209 艾泽明 2021年5月17日
摘 要
非洲大蜗牛：是中大型的陆栖蜗牛。成体壳长一般为7-8厘米，最大则可长到超过20厘米。夜行性，杂食性，大多是在潮湿环境中活动，喜欢在下雨及夜间出没。平时躲在阴凉的地方，且在壳口上做一层白膜（假口盖），只余一个小孔来呼吸，将螺肉缩入壳内以防脱水，等到环境转好后再出来。
食物包括农作物、林木、果树、蔬菜、花卉等植物，饥饿时也取食纸张和同伴尸体，甚至能啃食和消化水泥，可危害500多种作物。该物种是许多人畜寄生虫和病原菌的中间宿主，尤其是传播结核病和嗜酸性脑膜炎，食用则危害极大。非洲大蜗牛一次可以产下30到700粒卵，繁殖很快。
是中国首批16种外来入侵物种之一，列入《中国外来入侵物种名单》。对蔬菜等农作物危害极大，系中国国家进出境二类检疫性有害生物。
关键词 非洲大蜗牛，外来入侵物种，繁殖快，有害生物
ABSTRACT
African snails: medium to large terrestrial snails. The length of adult shell is generally 7-8 cm, and the maximum can be more than 20 cm. Nocturnal, omnivorous, mostly in humid environment activities, like in the rain and at night. Usually hide in a cool place, and make a layer of white film (false mouth cover) on the shell mouth. Only a small hole is left to breathe. Shrink the snail meat into the shell to prevent dehydration, and then come out when the environment is better.
Food includes crops, trees, fruit trees, vegetables, flowers and other plants. When people are hungry, they also eat paper and the corpses of their companions. They can even eat and digest cement, which can harm more than 500 crops. This species is the intermediate host of many human and livestock parasites and pathogens, especially for the transmission of tuberculosis and eosinophilic meningitis. African snails can lay 30 to 700 eggs at a time and reproduce very quickly.
It is one of the first batch of 16 alien invasive species in China and listed in the list of alien invasive species in China. It is harmful to vegetables and other crops. It is the second class quarantine pest in China.
Key words Alien invasive species，Rapid reproduction，Pest
目录
一、形态特征 .................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.非洲大蜗牛的生物学特性...................................................................................................................... 5 1)鉴定特征 ................................................................................................................................................. 5 2)不同时期的特点 ................................................................................................................................... 5 3)生活习性及生活史 .............................................................................................................................. 6
二、非洲大蜗牛的发展史 .............................................................................................................................. 7
1.传播历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 7 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 7 2.传播途径 ...................................................................................................................................................... 7 3.目前国内的分布状况 ............................................................................................................................... 7 4.在世界范围内的分布现状...................................................................................................................... 8
三、危害 .............................................................................................................................................................. 8
1.取食性危害 ................................................................................................................................................. 8 2.传播疾病 ...................................................................................................................................................... 8 3.污染环境 ...................................................................................................................................................... 9
四、防治方法 .................................................................................................................................................... 9
生物入侵论文
