专题06 非谓语动词-2017年高考英语备考学易黄金易错点(原卷版)

1. He suddenly appeared in class one day， (wear) sun glasses.

2. One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about (be) late for school. 3. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused (stop) until we reached the next stop.

4. Still，the boy kept (ride).He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. 5. We got a little (sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind. 6. My older brother and I are busy (arrange) a trip to Africa.

[来源:]7. Qu was a minister of the State of Chu (situate) in present－day Hunan and Hubei Provinces，during the Warring States Period(战国时期).

8. Last weekend as I was riding in the bike lane alongside the truck，we reached a crossing and it turned to the right， (hit) me and my bicycle.

9. After luckily (succeed) in the national college entrance examination，I realized my dream again：after graduation，I became a citizen working in a city.

10. Most of the fish there was (freeze)，but we had not much trouble finding some fresh fish at the other part of the market.

易错起源1、非谓语动词类别和句法功能

例1． (absorb)in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.【名师点睛】

[来源:]非谓语动词句法功能的注意事项: ◆不定式

1.介词后的动词不定式只限于作介词except和but的宾语，此时except／but意为“除了，除去”。其主要搭配有:

can but + 动词原形;只能、只得……

cannot help(choose)but + 动词原形:……不能不……do nothing but + 动词原形:只做……

There is nothing to do but + 动词原形: ……只有做……

[来源学&科&Z&X&X&K]

have no choice but to do:只有做…… 例如:

The last bus having gone, I could do nothing but go home on foot. (省略 to) I cannot choose but tell him the truth. (省略 to) She could do nothing but leave. (省略 to) I have no choice but to cry. (不能省略to)

2.不定式在使役动词have，let，make以及感官动词see，look at，watch，notice，observe，hear， listen to，feel后的宾补，不定式符要省略，但这些句子变为被动结构时，就必须带符to.例如: I often hear him sing this song. →

[来源:.]He is often heard to sing this song. I saw them play in the park. → They were seen to play in the park.

3.不定式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。如果作定语的不定式使不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是其动作的地点、工具等，不定式后须有相应的介词。但名词way，place，way除外。例如:

He is not a man to tell lies. ( 主谓关系 )

There will not be enough space to stand in on the earth. ( 动宾关系 ) Here is some paper for you to write on. The boy has a nice pen to write with. We found a way to solve this problem (in).[来源学#科#]

通常使用不定式作定语的情况有:(1)不定式表示将来；(2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no， all，any等限定词的中心词。(3)用来修饰一些抽象名词，常见的有:ability，disability，chance，idea， fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，time等。例如: During my holidqy I borrowed some books to read.(表将来)

She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. (有序数词修饰) I have no chance to escape. (修饰抽象名词)

Do you have the ability to read French? (修饰抽象名词)

4.不定式作状语时可以表示目的、原因、结果或条件。表示目的时可用in order to，so as to换用；表示条件时，一般把表示条件的动词不定式置于句首，句中的谓语动词常含有will，shall，should， would，

can，must，could等情态动词。例如: He sat down to have a rest. (表目的 ) He woke up to find everybody gone. (表结果)

I’m very pleased to hear from him. (表原因，主要是表示喜、怒、哀、乐) To look at him, you can’t help laughing. (表条件，谓语动词含有can) He was too excited not to say a word. (表程度) He is old enough to go to school. (表程度)

◆过去分词、不定式和现在分词的被动式作定语的区别:

这三种形式作定语，主要是体现在动作发生的时间上的区别。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前或是没有一定的时间性；现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。例如: The bridge to be built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (将要修建的) The bridge being built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (正大修建的)The bridge built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (己经修建了的) Have you read the novel written by Dickens? He is a teacher loved anti respected by all students. (没有时间性) Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the young men. (表正在) The question to be discussed at the Sunday meeting is very important. (表将来)

在英语中，表示“感觉状态”的动词现在分词和过去分词形式作表语和定语时，现在分词表示“令人感到……”，指主语或被修饰的词给人的感觉；过去分词表示”感到……”，指主语或被修饰的词本身的感觉。例如:

interesting令人感兴趣的interested感到有兴趣的 exciting令人感到激动的excited感到激动的

[来源:Z+xx+k.][来源:Z。xx。k.][来源:.]

shocking令人感到震惊的shocked感到震惊的 ◆过去分词、不定式和现在分词作宾语补足语的区别:

1.感官动词(see，look at，watch，notice，observe，hear，listen to，feel)和使役动词(have，let，make)后的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词(不带to的不定式)，现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示主动和正在进行，过去分词表示被动完成，不定式表示主动和完成。注意:make不能接现在分词作宾补。 例如:

I heard her sing a Chinese song jut now. (表示主动，完成)

I heard her singing a Chinese song when I passed by her room last night. (表示正在进行)

[来源:.]I heard the Chinese song sung many times. (表示被动)

The captain got/have the soldiers moving to ward the front after a short rest. ( 不能用make)

[来源:]I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (表示状态) I was surprised to find my hometown changed a lot. (表示完成)

2.动词leave后接三种形式作宾补时，表达的具体含义是“使……处于某种状态”。例如: It is wrong for you to leave the machine running. (主动，正在进行) The guests left most of the dishes untouched. ( 被动，完成) My workmate left, leaving me to do all the rest work. (主动，将来) My workmate left, leaving all the rest work to be done. (被动，将来) ◆过去分词和现在分词作状语的区别:

1.一般来说，过去分词表示被动完成的动作，现在分词表示主动进行的动作。例如: Seen from a distance, the mountain looked like a man. Seeing the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown. 2.现在分词的被动一般式表示正在进行的被动动作，过去分词表示被动完成的动作。例如: Being helped by the teacher, she will learn English well. Helped by the teacher, she has learned English well.

3.现在分词的被动完成式表示先于谓语动词动作发生的动作，过去分词所表示的动作，有时发生在谓语动词之前，有时与谓语动词同时发生，有时表示未来的被动动作或状态。例如: Having been used for a long time, the watch needs to be mended. Used in this way，the word shouldn’t be taken as a verb. Given more time, we will finish the work perfectly. 【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】 ◆独立主格结构

分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果与句子的主语不一致，那么分词短语就需要有自己的逻辑主语，这就是独立主格结构形式。

独立主格结构是分词短语意义上的逻辑主语，通常由名词或代词来充当，放在分词之前。因为没有实际的主语和谓语，独立主格结构不是句子，一般放在句首或句末，充当时间、原因、方式等状语。例如:

Winter having e, it’s getting colder and colder. The homework finished,the child went home. His leg badiy hurt,he had to stay in bed.[来源学&科&]

Time permitting, we’ll visit the Summer Palace. She lay against the wall,the sun shinning upon her. 从例句可以看出，独立主格结构中分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语是两个不同的人或物，因此，分词前的名词或代词不能省略。

独立主格结构也可以由“with／without + 名词或代词 + 分词、不定式、形容词、副词或介词短语”构成。例如:

The boy stared at the teacher, with his mouth opon. With his parents away, the boy became naughtier. The teacher came into the classroom,with a book in her hand ( = book in hand). She sat still, with her eyes closed. ( 被动,状态)

She sat still, with her eyes looking at the ceiling. (主动,正在) With you to help me , I could do it better. (主动，将来)

With a lot of problems settled , the mayor went to have a holiday. (被动，完成) With a lot of problems to be settled , the mayor has a hard time. (被动,将来) ◆垂悬分词作状语

垂悬分词是现在分词一种特殊用法，其逻辑主语是句子非主语部分中指人或物的某一名词或代词，或泛指“我们”。例如:

Searching along the street, it had taken him along time to find a clinic. ( searching 的逻辑主语是句中him 所指的人)

Walking or sleeping, this subject is always in my mind. (walking or sleeping 的逻辑主语是句中my所指的“我”)

Using the electric energy, it is necessary to change its form. ( using 的逻辑主语泛指“我们”) 易错起源2、非谓语动词的时态和语态

例2． (learn)more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. 【名师点睛】

动词不定式的时态和语态