Note: Pay attention to the different part of speech and the different uses of ―in‖ in: prep.
adv. e.g. Let him in.
n.(pl.) 执政党，在朝派，知情者
e.g. a dispute between ins and outs
5 Businesses located on Madison and Park avenues have more tone than those on Seventh and
Eighth avenues.
（位于麦迪逊大街和公园大街上的公司企业远比在第七和第八大街上的那些公司要气派。）
tone: the degree of respectability, the general quality or nature（气派、知名度、光鲜度，亮度等）
e.g. These new people, with their dirty habits and wild children, bring down the tone of the neighborhood.
She thought that it lent a certain tone to a gathering to have a clergyman present. 6. prestigious adj. Respectable, distinguished, respected, important
e.g. She attended a prestigious university. prestige n.
e.g. He is a man of high prestige. international prestige
to sweep every bit of sb‘s prestige into the dust
7. He is still Lord----- no matter where you find him, even if it is behind the counter in a fishmonger‘s stall.: Wherever and whatever you find him to be, even though he works as a salesman in a shop where fish is sold, he is still a noble man in the hereditary system. 无论你在哪里找到他，即使在一家鱼摊上当伙计，他仍然是勋爵。 Lord: n. a man with a high rank in the British nobility behind the counter: work as a salesman fishmonger n. tradesman who sells fish
8．In addition to class distinctions, there are differences between the English and ourselves in how space is allotted.: Apart from the differences in social classes, there are differences between the English and the Americans in the way space is distributed. 除等级差异外，我们和英国人之间还存在着空间分配上的差别。
allot: v. distribute, allocate, portion out, make a distribution of, decide a person‘s share of, e.g. A part of this urgent task was allotted to us.
The factory allotted a parking space to each employee. She would be content to sleep in any corner allotted to her. allotment n. [u] division, distribution ( of shares) [c] part or share
allottee n.被分予者，接受分配物者
9 Both male and female subjects identified the kitchen and the master bedroom as belonging to the mother or the wife, whereas Father‘s territory was a study or a den, if one was available; otherwise, it was ―the shop‖, ― the basement‖, or sometimes only a workbench or the garage.: In the experiment both men and women connected the kitchen and the chief bedroom with the mother or the wife, while with father, a study or a small, quiet room, if there was one; if not, then ―the shop‖, ―the basement‖ or sometimes just a workbench or the garage became father‘s place of activity.
男女受试者认为，厨房和主卧室属于母亲或妻子，而父亲的领地则是书房、小书斋，如果没有书房，那就是―工作间‖，地窖，有时仅是工作台和车库。
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subject: n．a person or animal chosen to be studied in an experiment (受试验者，试验材料等)
e.g. The subject of their cruelty was a small bird.
Rabbits and mice are often subjects for medical experiments. den: n. a small, quiet room in the house, a private room e.g. the privacy of a furnished den in his basement Mother won‘t let any of us into her den.
10. An American is available if his door is open at home or at his office.: Open doors, either at
home or in the office, show that an American is not busy and free for people to talk to or to approach.
对美国人来说，家里或办公室的门开着，就意味着他有空。
11. He is expected not to shut himself off but to maintain himself in a state of constant readiness
to answer the demands of others.: He is thought to be free and ready to help others when asked.
人们指望他不与人隔绝，而是随时乐于助人。
12. The eldest occupies a room by himself which he vacates when he leaves for boarding
school….
vacate: v. empty, leave, quit, give up, e.g. They vacated their houses
We have to vacate these offices by December 31st. He drove nearly into the vacated space.
13. The difference between a room of one‘s own and early conditioning to shared space, while
seeming inconsequential, has an important effect on the Englishman‘s attitude toward his own space.: The Americans feel they have a right to have a room of their own, however, the English are used to shared space since early childhood. This difference, though appearing insignificant, greatly affects the Englishman‘s attitude toward his own space.
拥有一间自己的房间和从小习惯于共享空间，虽然看起来微不足道，却大大影响了英国人日后对他身处的空间环境的态度。
condition: v. be used to, make used to, accustom, adapt
e.g. I had been conditioned by the world in which I grew up.
Her sheltered upbringing did not condition her for life alone in the big city. Jogging conditioned her for skiing.
It is difficult to overcome your early conditioning. while: conj. Though, although
e.g. While I understand what you say, I can‘t agree with you.
inconsequential: adj. Unimportant, insignificant, trifling, of no consequence e.g The matter is too inconsequential to worry about.
His work, which seemed bold and innovative then, now seems trivial and
inconsequential.
14. … or feels he is entitled to one…
entitle: v. give the right to, make eligible, qualify, name, designate, label
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e.g. Women aged 60 and over are entitled to free prescriptions.
15. As a consequence, the English are puzzled by the American need for a secure place in which to work, an office.: As a result, the English fail to understand why the Americans need to have a private corner, say, an office, for work.
16. In regard to the need for walls as a screen for the ego, this places the Americans somewhere between the Germans and the English.: In view of the need for a place of their own to defend their selves or their worth, the Americans stand between the Germans and the English. 就需要墙壁作为自我保护的屏障这一点而言，美国人介于德国人和英国人之间。
ego: n. the self, esp. as seen in relation to other selves or to the outside world; one‘s own
worth (心理学范畴) 自我,自己，
e.g. It was a blow to my ego.
egocentric: adj. self-centered, egoistic, egocentricity: n. egoism: n.
egoistic, egoistical: adj.
17.The contrasting English and American patterns have some remarkable implications
particularly if we assume that man, like other animals, has a built-in need to shut himself off from others from time to time.: The differences between the English and the Americans concerning space is of extremely significance especially if we believe that man, like other animals, sometimes has an innate need to be left to himself.
英美文化模式的反差，具有相当重要的意义，尤其是当我们相信，人与动物一样天生
需要时常独处一阵。
implication: n. suggestion, significance, connotation
e.g. The newsmen discussed the political implications of the war.
These principles have a number of implications for the future ordering of society. built-in: adj. inbuilt, inborn, innate, internal
e.g. a built-in sense of humo
A dishwasher with a built-in waste disposal unit.
18. An English student in one of my seminars typified what happens when hidden patterns clash.:
An English student in one of my discussion class serves as an example of what happens when the invisible contrasting ideas come into conflict.
在我的研究生班上有一位英国学生，就是这种隐形文化模式冲突的典型例子。
19. He was quite obviously experiencing strain in his relationships with Americans.: It was quite
obviously to see that he is not getting along well with his American peers. 很显然，他与美国学生之间关系紧张。 Strain: n. stress, tension
e.g. Many people doing this sort of jobs suffer from strain. Overcrowding imposes mental strain.
20. An analysis of his complaints showed that a major source of irritation was that no American seemed to be able to pick up the subtle clues that there were times when he didn‘t want his
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thoughts intruded on.: through analyzing his complaints, we find that his unhappiness or anger was caused by the failure of the American students to take hints that he didn‘t want to be bothered now and then.
对他的牢骚进行分析，发现使他恼怒的主要原因是，有时候他不想别人打搅他的思绪，可是美国人似乎不明白他的暗示。
pick up: (infml) to learn (something such as information) often informally or by chance e.g. I don‘t know where my children have picked up those rude words! I don‘t want to pick up any bad habits from those people.
intrude (up) on: interrupt, enter somebody‘s presence etc, without invitation
e.g.: I hope I‘m not intruding on your time too much by asking you to read this paper. You have no right to intrude yourself on me/on my thoughts like this, I‘m busy
working.
21. By then I am angry and say something.
到那时我发火了，说了些不礼貌的话。
―…and say something…‖:and said some angry or rude words
VI. Key to the exercises (Unit 5): Voc. & Structure:
A. Words and expressions for use:
1.implication 2. disparity 3. apart from 4.classify 5 distinction 6. are entitled to 7. invariably 8.available 9. In regard to 10.irritation B. Structure for use:
a. 1…..he writes not only poems and novels, but plays as well.
2. not only did he visit Japan and Canada, but the USA as well.
3…. requires not only skill and balance but alertness and concentration as well. 4.Alfred Nobel had not only a scientific reason but a personal reason as well. 5…. Study not only the language but some other subjects as well.
6…. can not only help you know something about the materials to be read, but help
you double your reading speed as well.
b. 1…. when remarkable progress was made in relatively short periods of time. 2… when you must interrupt people who are in the middle of doing something. 3.… that Jim had more talent than anybody who had ever played basketball. 4. that most Chinese people are diligent and hard-working. 5. …what would happen. 6. …when he would be back.
Grammar practice:
A. Multiple choice
1.B 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.A 9.B 10. D
B Fill in the blanks…
1.in; of; to 2. with; to; of 3.to; on; to 4. of; with
5.to; about 6. to; with; in; with
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7.to; for; for; with; to; for; to
Use of English
Proofreading:
1. reveals 2. living room 3. and so on 4. a particular culture 5.there is no 6.for privacy 7.Japanese 8.that it is 9.in the Russian
10.the same as 11.achieve privacy 12.the(to be deleted) 13.neighbours 14.a preference for 15.afford it
16. is needed 17.In some cultures 18.for them simply to 19.need to remove 20.to achieve privacy Cloze:
1.in 2.is 3. in 4. on 5.bottle 6. other 7.of 8.are
9.identified 10. differences 11.Southerner 12.Northerners 13.as 14.Such 15.even 16.between 17.in 18.characteristics 19. like 20.express Translation A:
1.R.L.Stevenson entitled his book ―Treasure Island‖.
2.Although the detective did not say so exactly, he implied that the murderer was from London.
3.The teacher smiled, with the implication that she did not believe the boy‘s story.
4.People whose dreams are interrupted lose the benefits of rest, and therefore tend to become irritable.
5.After years of negotiation, the strained relations between the two nations no longer exist.
6.Before our irritation could turn to anger, she came to us and said that she was leaving. 7.The priest discovered that the old lady was entitled to a small disability pension. 8.Jim was an excellent athlete, but he never strained when he didn‘t feel it necessary. Translation B:
In addition to the physical difference, there is always a wide disparity between the young and the old in their world outlooks. In some cases, two generations can share a house, but their ways of thinking and behaving are worlds apart. One of the basic reasons for this clash is that the older generation believe that it is they who have built up this present world all their lives and they are conditioned to identify the world as belonging to them; Whereas the rising generation, free from the burden of the past, appreciate fresh thinking and unstrained behavior, feeling sure that they have the right to create a new world and confident that they can make it. One thing is for sure, though, ------ communication and cooperation between the two generations will make the world a better place for everybody.
Unit 6 Cultural Conflict
IV. Detailed study of the text:
1. Intercultural communication involves different perceptions, attitudes, and interpretations.: Communication between members of different cultures has something to do with people‘s opinions, beliefs and understanding in relation to other cultures. 跨文化交际牵涉到不同的观点、看法和理解。
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综合英语4册参考答案专升本英语专业
