公式为：
a, an, this, that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。如： a friend of mine. each brother of his. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 反身代词 1) 列表
I you you she he Myself yourself yourselves herself himself We they it one Ourselves themselves itself oneself 2)做宾语
a. 有些动词需有反身代词
absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.我们昨晚玩得很开心。 Please help yourself to some fish.请你随便吃点鱼。 b. 用于及物动词+宾语+介词
take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth.
I could not dress (myself) up at that time.那个时候我不能打扮我自己。 注：有些动词后不跟反身代词， get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。 Please sit down.请坐。 3) 作表语; 同位语
be oneself: I am not myself today.我今天不舒服。 The thing itself is not important.事情本身并不重要。
4) 在不强调的情况下，but, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。如：
No one but myself (me) is hurt. 注意：
a. 反身代词本身不能单独作主语。 (错) Myself drove the car.
(对) I myself drove the car.我自己开车。 b. 但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中，第二个主语可用反身代词，特别是myself 作主语。
Charles and myself saw it.
5)第二人称作宾语，要用反身代词。
You should be proud of yourself.你应为自己感到骄傲。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 相互代词
1)相互代词只有each other和one another两个词组。他们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的，例如：
It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other. 显而易见，不同文化的人总是相互借鉴的。 2) 相互代词的句法功能： a. 作动词宾语;
People should love one another. 人们应当彼此相爱。 b. 可作介词宾语;
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Does bark, cocks crow, frogs croak to each other.吠、鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱。
说明：传统语法认为，相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用each other， 存在于两个以上人和物之间用one another。现代英语中，两组词交替使用的实例也很多，例如：
He put all the books beside each other. 他把所有书并列摆放起来。
He put all the books beside one another. 他把所有书并列摆放起来。
Usually these small groups were independent of each other. 这些小团体通常是相互独立的。
c. 相互代词可加-'s构成所有格，例如： The students borrowed each other's notes. 学生们互借笔记。
直接引语和间接引语怎么互相转换?
直接引语和间接引语怎么互相转换? 一、把下列句子变成间接引语：
1. Mary often says, “I want to be a doctor when I grow up.”
→Mary often says that she wants to be a doctor when she grows up. 2. Mr Smith said, “John is a good student.” →Mr Smith said that John was a good student.
3. “We will come here again tonight,” the students said to the teacher. →The students told the teacher that they would go there again that night. 4. He said,“I repaired the watch yesterday.”
→He said that he had repaired the watch the day before.” 5. “I haven’t heard from my parents these days,” he said. →He said that he hadn’t heard from his parents those days. 6. The children said,“We’ll be back tomorrow.”
→The children said that they would be back the next day.” 7. Bob said to Mary,“I saw the film two days ago.”
→Bob told Mary that he had seen the film two days before. 8. The teacher said,“Can you hear me, children?”
→The teacher asked the children if they could hear him. 9.“We’re going to study in the USA next month,”they said.
→They said that they were going to study in the USA the next month. 10. “I’m checking your homework now,”his mother said. →His mother said that she was checking his homework then. 11. “The earth goes around the sun,” the teacher said. →The teacher said (that) the earth goes around the sun. 12.“I can finish it in half an hour,” the worker said to me. →The worker told me he could finish it in half an hour.
13.“Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” he asked me.
→He asked me if I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.
14.“Do you remember what your uncle told you last night?” Li Ping’s father asked him.
→Li Ping’s father asked him if he remembered what his uncle told him the night before.
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15.“Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked. →The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.
16.“Please wait for me at the gate of the Summer Palace at two tomorrow afternoon,” Kate said to her friend.
→Kate asked her friend to wait for her at the gate of the Summer Palace at two the next afternoon.
17.“Are you feeling better today?” the doctor asked my sister. →The doctor asked my sister if she was feeling better that day. 18. He said to me,“Where did you go last week?”
→He asked me where had I had gone the week before. 19. He said,“I joined the English Club in 2007.” →He said that he joined the English Club in 2007. 20. John said to me,“Where will you go this Sunday?” →John asked me where I would go that Sunday. 21.She said,“I will come this evening.” →She said that she would go that evening.
22.“Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?” Kate’s mother asked her.
→Kate’s mother asked her if she had finished her homework before she watched TV. 二、把下列句子变成直接引语： 1. He said he knew nothing about Tom. →He said,“I know nothing about Tom.”
2. Tom asked Mary if she would watch his CD-ROMs that day. →Tom said to Mary,“Will you watch my CD-ROMs today?”
3. Tom’s mother asked him why he has made so many mistakes in his homework that time.
→Tom’s mother said to him,“Why have you made so many mistakes in your homework this time?”
→Tom’s mother asked,“Tom, Why have you made so many mistakes in your homework this time?”
4. They said they had studied English for three years. →They said,“We have studied English for three years.”
5. He told me there would be a basketball match that afternoon. →He said to me,“There will be a basketball match this afternoon.”
6. Uncle Wang asked me where my father had been and what he had been doing all those days.
→Uncle Wang asked me,“Where has your father been and what has he been doing all these days?”
7. He said he had seen the film that day. →He said,“I saw the film yesterday.”
8. He said he had finished the work that day. → He said,“I have finished the work today.”
9. He told his little son to go inside and not come out until the rain had stopped. →He told his little son,“Go inside and don’t come out until the rain has stopped.” 10. The conductor asked Zhang Hong where she was going to get off. →The conductor said to Zhang Hong,“Where are you going to get off ?” 11. He asked whether they would go with him. →He asked,“Will you go with me?”
12. Mr White asked me to give his wife a message when she returned from the library.
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→Mr White said to me,“Please give my wife a message when she returns from the library.”
13. A asked the teacher whether Gauss was born in 1777. →A asked the teacher,“Was Gauss born in 1777?” 14. The old worker told us not to forget the past. →The old worker sad to us,“Don’t forget the past.”
15. He asked me Why Eidson’s teacher said that he wasn’t bright and wasn’t worth teaching.
→He asked me,“Why did Eidson’s teacher said that he wasn’t bright and wasn’t worth teaching?”
16. He asked me what else I wanted him to do. →He asked me,“what else do you want me to do?”
17. She asked Xiao Wang if that kind of telephone was made in Guangzhou. →She asked Xiao Wang,“Is this kind telephone made in Guangzhou? ” 18. He asked me how many times I had been to my home town since 2000.
→ He asked me,“How many times have you been to your home town since 2000?” 19. I asked one of the boys if there were any mistakes in his homework. →I asked one of the boys,“Are there any mistakes in your homework?” 20. She told me she had seen a letter on my desk the day before. → “I saw a letter on your desk yesterday,” she said to me.
21. The guard said that he would not let him in if he had no pass. → The guard said,“I will not let you in if you have no pass.”
虚拟语气的倒装形式怎么用?
虚拟语气的倒装形式怎么用?请看典型考题：
__________ your address，I would have written to you. A. Did I know B. Were I to know C. Had I known D. If I should know 此题应选 C。这是虚拟语气的倒装形式。当虚拟条件句中含有 were，had，should，could等动词时，可以将if省略，然后将 were，had，should，could 等词移至句首：
1. If he should fail，he would kill himself. →Should he fail，he would kill himself. 万一失败，他就会自杀。
2. If I were you，I would do it at once. →Were I you，I would do it at once. 假若我是你，我就会马上做。 3. If I could do it，I would. →Could I do it，I would.
要是我能做此事，我一定会做。
4. If he had seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it. →Had he seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it. 他昨天要是看到了你，他就会问你这事了。
顺便说一句，以上移至句首的 had不一定是助动词，如果是实义动词也可倒装： If he had money，he would buy a car. →Had he money，he would buy a car. 他要是有钱，他就会买一辆小车。
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介绍两种常考的虚拟语气句型
介绍两种常考的虚拟语气句型：If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for… 一、句型介绍
这两个句型是If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…，这是两个很常用的虚拟语气句型，也经常受到命题人的青睐，其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是有”。如：
If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。
You wouldn’t be anywhere if it weren’t for Ruth. 若不是有鲁思你不会有任何成就。
If it hadn’t been for the doctor, he would have died. 要不是医生救了他，他就会死了。
If it hadn’t been for Mary, I might not have understood. 要不是有玛丽，我可能还不理解。
二、与but for, without等替换
这两个句型有时可用but for, without等替换。如： 要不是有你帮忙，我们是不会成功的。
If it hadn’t been for your assistance we wouldn’t have succeeded. =But for your assistance we wouldn’t have succeeded. =Without your assistance we wouldn’t have succeeded. 三、时间上的同与异
原则上说，if it weren’t [wasn’t] for 用于谈论现在的情况，而if it hadn’t been for 用于谈论过去的情况。但实际上if it weren’t [wasn’t] for有时也可用于谈论过去的情况：
If it weren’t for their help, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties. 要不是他们帮助，这些困难我们是克服不了的。
虚拟条件句的常见类型
虚拟条件句的常见类型有三种，条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生：
If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有时间，我就同他们去。(陈述语气) If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你，我就同他们去。(虚拟语气) 虚拟条件句的三种基本类型 一、与现在事实相反
若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”：
If you took a taxi，you’d get there quicker. 如果你坐出租车去，你可以快一点到那里。(但你不坐)
If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道)
二、与过去事实相反
若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”：
If I’d left sooner，I’d have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)
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高中英语语法总结
