初中英语时态整理
作谓语的动词用来表示动作（情况）发生时间的各种形式称为时态。
构成：
1. 一般时态
a. 一般现在时用动词原形，但第三人称单数后要加词是-s/es; b. 一般过去时用过去式；
c. 一般将来时用shall 或will 加动词原形；
d. 一般过去将来时用 should 或 would 加动词原形；
2. 进行时态: 助动词be+主要动词的现在分词 （am/is/are/ was/ were doing） 3. 完成时态：助动词 have+主要动词的过去分词 （have/ had done） 4. 完成进行时态：助动词 have+ been +主要动词的现在分词
附表： 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现 write am has has 在 writes is writing written been are have writing have 过 wrote was 去 writing had written were 将 shall 来 write will 过 should 去 将 write 来 would 要点、难点： ? 一般现在时
1. 第三人称单数后加s注意：以 ch, sh, s, x, 或o 收尾的词加 es; 以 “辅音字母+y” 结尾的词变y 为i 再加es;
2. 含义：a. 经常性或习惯性的动作 b. 现在的特征或状态 c. 普遍真理 d.计划或时刻表
3. 常用时间状语：often, always, usually, sometimes, every day, once a week ? 现在进行时
1. 少量动词可以用进行时表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作，如：go, come, leave, start, arrive, stay 等；
2. 表示一个经常性的动作或状态，或是表示一种感情（如赞叹、厌烦等），或是强调暂时性。如: be always doing
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? 一般将来时
1. 在时间或条件状语从句中，一般不用将来时，而用现在时代替。 如：I’ll let you have the book when I’m through. / I’ll be round to see you if I have time tomorrow.
2. 表示倾向或习惯性动作。如：Oil will float on water.
3. 否定形式表示“不能……” “没法……” 如: This machine won’t work. ? 一般过去时
1. 发生的时间不是很清楚，但实际上是过去发生，应当用过去时。如： I didn’t know you were in town. / What did you say?
2. 谈到已死的人多用过去时，但有时也可以用现在时。 ? 过去进行时
过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作；一般过去时表示一个完成的动作。 ? 过去将来时
1. 表示从过去某时看将来要发生的事情。如：He said he would raise the question at the meeting.
2. 注意在间接引语中的使用。 ? 现在完成时
1. 到现在为止的这一时期中发生的情况（可能是多次动作的总和，也可以表示状态和习惯性的动作）；对现状有影响的某已发生的动作。
2. 当有一个表示过去某时的状语（包括when）时，不能用现在完成时。 3. 常用词：already, yet, just, as yet, ever, never, since 4. 区别： have been to & have gone to ? 现在完成进行时
1. 表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的动作，可能仍在进行，也可能停了一会儿。
2. 可以用来强调时间的长久。如: She has always been working like that. 3. 也可以用来强调现在以前这段时期反复发生的事情。如：She’s been cyclying to work for the last three weeks. ? 过去完成时
1. 表示过去的过去：过去完成时表示的动作较另一过去的动作先发生。
2. 在包含when, as soon as, before, after, until, now that 等连词的复合句中，先发生的动作通常用过去完成时。
分类练习：
I. 用动词的一般现在时或现在进行时填空
1. A. What________you__________(think) of the idea? B. What________you__________(think) about? 2. A. He__________(not look) his age.
Ｂ. He _____________(look) for his glasses.
3. A. I____________(have) a hard time trying to get this finished. B. I___________(have) a bad cold.
4. A: Let’s go out. It _____________(not rain) now.
B: It _______________(not rain) very much in summer.
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5.A. I _____________(live) some friends until I find a flat.
B: My parents ___________(live) in London. They have lived there all their lives.
II. 用动词的一般过去时或过去进行时填空
1. While we _____________(wait) for the bus, a girl ___________(run) up to us. 2. I ________________(telephone) a friend when Bob ____________(come) in. 3. Jim _____________(jump) on the bus as it _____________(move) away.
4. We ___________(test) the new machine when the electricity __________(go) off. 5. She ______________(not want) to stay in bed when the others ____________(all work) in the fields.
6. While mother ______________(put) Kitty to bed, the door-bell __________(ring).
7. It was quite late at night. George ______________(read) and Amy ___________(rest) when they __________(hear) a knock at the door.
III.用动词的现在完成时或一般过去时填空
1.--- __________you _________(book) your hotel room yet?
---Well, I ___________(write) to the hotel last week but they _______________(not answer) yet.
2.---You _________just _________(agree) to go, so why aren’t you getting ready? ---But I _________(not realize) that you ________(want) me to start at once. 4. ---I can’t find my gloves. ________you ________(see) them?
---Yes, you _________(leave) them in the car yesterday. I ____________(put) them back in your drawer.
5. ---I hear that Mr Jones _____________(leave). ---Yes, he ___________(leave) last week.
---___________anyone ___________(take) his place?
---I believe that several men ________________(apply) for the job but so far nothing ___________________(decide).
IV. 用动词的一般过去时和过去完成时填空
1. The heavy rain __________(stop), but there was still a slight drizzle in the air. 2. I____________(cannot go) out that night, for I ________________(agree) to take care of my younger sister at home.
3. I ______________(not know) you ________________(be) so busy in the past few weeks.
4. The snow storm ______________(drop 减弱) as suddenly as it _______________(start). The wind________________(die) down and the sun ______________(come) out.
5. Nobody agreed with him. That_____________(be) something he __________________(not predict) .
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初中英语时态整理
