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中考总复习英语人教版语法专项突破(系统梳理+提升演练)专题十三并列句和复合句(含解析)

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语法专项突破

专题十三 并列句和复合句

一、并列句

由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子叫并列句。常见分类:

1.表示同等、平行或承接关系,常用连词有and,both...and...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...,as well as等。

2.表示转折关系,常用连词有but,yet(然而),while(而)等。 3.表示选择关系,常见连词有or,not...but(不是……而是……),either...or...(要么……要么……)等。

4.表示因果关系,常见连词有as,for(因为),so等。 二、复合句

由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。从句须由关联词引导。初中英语教材主要涉及的复合句有宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句。

考点一 宾语从句

在主从复合句中作主句宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 1.宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序用陈述语序。

Do you know how much the house is? 你知道这房子多少钱吗? 2.宾语从句的引导词 引导词 举例 I know (that)you are a good man. 由that引导 我知道你是个好人。 I don't know if he can come. 由if或whether引导 我不知道是否他能来。 Did you find out who stole the money? 由连接代词who,what,whose引导 你查明了是谁偷的钱吗? The granny doesn't know where the bus stop 由连接副词when,why,where,how引导 is. 那位老奶奶不知道公共汽车站在哪里。 3.宾语从句的时态 用法 举例 I hear that he went to Hangzhou yesterday. 当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时态时,我听说他昨天去杭州了。 宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定(可Mary says that she will leave China tomorrow. 以是任意时态) 玛丽说她明天要离开中国。 I thought that you were Li Ming's brother. 当主句是过去时态时,宾语从句必须用过我原以为你是李明的弟弟。 去的某种时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,I heard that you were ill yesterday. 过去将来时,过去完成时等) 我听说昨天你病了。 The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun. 如果宾语从句表示的是一个永恒不变的客老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。 观事实、普遍真理、科学原理、自然现象,When I was a little child,I knew that the sun 即使主句是过去时,从句仍然用一般现在is bigger than the moon. 时 当我还是小孩子的时候,我就知道太阳比月亮大。 4.否定转移现象

用法 举例 主句的动词用think“认为”、expect“期待”、I don't think I can remember the 100 new guess“猜想”、imagine“想象”、believe“相words within one hour. 信”、suppose“假如”、assume“假定”等连我想我不能在一小时之内记住这100个生接一个具有否定意义的宾语从句时,否定词。 词not要前移到主句中,即主句的谓语动I don't believe that he will come tonight. 我相信今晚他不会来。 词用否定形式 The little girl doesn't expect that she will see 串连记忆: 我认为(believe)我们期待(expect)的her parents soon. 这个小女孩并不指望能很快见到她的父母。 那个猜想(suppose)有假 考点二 定语从句 在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句,叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词that,which,who(whom,whose)和关系副词when,where,why。关系代词或关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间,它既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。含定语从句的复合句的基本结构为:先行词+关系词+定语从句。

A doctor is a_person who looks_after people's_health. 医生是关心人身体健康的人。

who是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。 1.关系代词引导的定语从句

定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句总是跟在它所修饰的先行词之后,由关系代词或关系副词引导。关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中一定要作从句中的一个成分。关系代词起名词或代词的作用,关系副词起副词或介词短语的作用。

关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。作宾语时,可以省略。

(1)先行词指人时,定语从句由who,whom,that引导,在从句中who,that可以作主语或宾语,whom只作宾语。

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的那个人吗?

The man who/that/whom my mother is talking to is Mr Wang. 那个正和我妈妈谈话的人是王先生。

(2)先行词指物时,定语从句由which,that引导,在从句中可以作主语或宾语。 The book that/which I read yesterday is very interesting. 昨天我看的那本书很有趣。

The doll that/which can sing costs 200 yuan. 那个会唱歌的洋娃娃值200元。

(3)whose 在定语从句中只用作定语,有时它还可以同of which互换。

Please pass me the book whose cover/the cover of which is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 2.关系代词that/which/who的用法区别

关系代词that,which可以指物,that和who可以指人,其用法有如下区别: (1)只可用that引导的定语从句

①当先行词为everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词时。 We should do everything that is useful to the people. 我们应该做一切对人民有用的事。

②先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。 You can take any seat that is free. 你可以坐任何一个空位。

③先行词被the only,the very,the right等词修饰时。

[来源:www.shulihua.netwww.shulihua.net][来源:www.shulihua.net]

He is the very man that I'm looking for. 他正是我正在找的那个人。

④当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best movie that I have seen. 这是我所看过的最好的电影。 ⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时。

This is the second time that you have told us the story. 这是你第二次给我们讲这个故事了。 ⑥当先行词同时含有人和物时。

We talked about the things and persons that we were interested in.我们谈论我们所感兴趣的人和事。

(2)只用which引导的定语从句

①当关系代词前使用介词时,只能用which,不能用that。 This is the train by which we went to Beijing. 这就是我们去北京乘坐的那班列车。

②在非限制性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主句隔开,若去掉从句,整个句子仍能表达完整意义的定语从句)中。

Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world. 足球,一项非常有趣的运动,全世界人都在踢。

(3)表示人时,当先行词为everybody,anybody,everyone,anyone等时要用who,而不用that。

Is there anyone who can answer this question? 有人会回答这个问题吗? 3.关系副词引导的定语从句

(1)关系副词在定语从句中作状语,when用在表示时间的名词后,where用在表示地点的名词后,why用在表示原因的名词后。when,where,why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构,因此常常和“介词+which”结构互换使用。

I still remember the day when/on which I first met him. 我依然记得我第一次遇到他的那一天。

Changsha is the place where/in which I was born. 长沙是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why/for which he was late this morning? 这就是他今早迟到的理由吗?

(2)当先行词虽然表示时间、地点或原因,但关系词在从句中作主语、宾语而不是状语时,不可用when,where或why,而应用that或which。

Hangzhou is a city where there is a beautiful lake. (作状语)

Hangzhou is a city that/which has a beautiful lake. (作主语)

I'll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing. (作状语)

I'll never forget the day that/which we spent together. (作及物动词spend的宾语)

考点三 状语从句

状语从句在复合句中起状语的作用,修饰主句中的谓语、形容词或副词。状语从句由从属连词引导,从属连词不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。根据意义上的不同,状语从句可分为:时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句,地点状语从句等等。 从句类型 从句引导词 例句 I didn't go home until 10:00 pm. when;while;before;after;until;时间状语从句 我直到晚上十点才回家。 since;as soon as I will call you as soon as I see him. 条件状语从句 目的状语从句 让步状语从句 原因状语从句 结果状语从句 比较状语从句 地点状语从句 我一看到他就会给你打电话。 If I am free,I will go shopping. if;unless;as long as 如果我有空,我将去购物。 I got up early so that I could catch the early bus. so that;in order that 为了赶上早班车,我起床很早。 though/although;even if;whatever;Though he is young,he knows a lot. wherever;whenever 虽然他很年轻,他知道很多。 Tom isn't here because he is ill. because;since;as;for 汤姆不在这儿因为他病了。 He plays basketball so well that many Americans have become his fans. so...that;such...that 他篮球打得如此好以至于很多美国人也成了他的粉丝。 I'm as old as Bob. than;as...as...;not as/so...as... 我和鲍勃年龄一样大。 Where there is a will,there is a way. where;wherever 哪里有希望,哪有就有出路。(有志者事竟成。)

1.(2012湖南岳阳中考,23)—Do you know the lady ______is talking with Mr Smith? —Yes,she's our new chemistry teacher,Miss Brown. A.who B.which C.whom 2.(2012湖南株洲中考,28)People often like clothes ______ can make them look young. A.when B.who C.that 3.(2012湖南永州中考,35)John is the boy______legs were badly injured in the accident. A.whose B.that C.who 4.(2012广西柳州中考,37)The Palace Museum is the best place ______ I've ever visited. A.who B.when C.that 5.(2012湖南郴州中考,35)—Excuse me,could you please tell me______? —Sorry,I'm new here.I don't know the way,either. A.where is Suxian Mountain B.where Suxian Mountain is C.Suxian Mountain is where 6.(2012湖南永州中考,30)The teacher asked Li Hua ______. A.why he was late for class B.why was he late for class C.why is he late for class 7.(2012湖南怀化中考,30)I don't know ______. A.when the train will leave B.when will the train leave C.the train will leave when

8.Gina loves singers ______ write their own music. A.which B.who C.whose

9.—What a new computer!Can you tell me ______? —Just the day before yesterday. A.how much you paid for it B.how much did you pay for it C.when you bought it

10.—Do you know ______?

[来源:www.shulihua.net]—Next Sunday.

A.what they will do B.where they will go C.when they will come here

11.I'll never forget the day ______ the great scientist came to our school and gave us a speech.

A.that B.which C.when 12.—What kind of movies do you like?

—I like the movies ______ are about Chinese history. A.who B.whom C.that

13.I hate people ______ don't help others when they are in trouble. A.who B.which C.whose 14.Betty will ring me up when she ______ in Beijing. A.arrive B.arrives C.arrived

15.If you ______ your homework,you can go out to play football. A.finish B.will finish C.are finishing

[来源:www.shulihua.netwww.shulihua.net]参考答案

专题十三 并列句和复合句

专题提升演练

1.A 先行词是指人的名词,且在定语从句中作主语,可知关系代词用who,故选A项。

2.C 先行词是clothes,是物,且在定语从句中作主语,可知关系代词用that,故选C项。

3.A 先行词the boy与legs之间存在所有关系,故用whose。

4.C 先行词place是物,且作定语从句中visit的宾语,故用that引导定语从句。 5.B 由宾语从句用陈述语序可知答案为B项。 6.A 由宾语从句用陈述语序可知答案为A项。 7.A 由宾语从句用陈述语序可知答案为A项。

8.B 由先行词是singers且引导词在从句中作主语故关系代词用who。

9.C 从句应用陈述语序,故排除B项;由答语“前天”知问的是时间,故选C项。 10.C 由答语 “Next Sunday” 可判断宾语从句的引导词应当是对时间进行提问,所以答案为C项。

11.C 句意:我从来不会忘记这位伟大的科学家来我们学校给我们做演讲的这一天。从句中有主语,也有宾语,可判断先行词作状语,表示时间用when。that和which是关系代词,作主语或宾语。故选C项。

12.C 由先行词the movies 可知定语从句的引导词指物,因此排除A、B项。选C项。 13.A 由先行词people 决定定语从句的引导词指人,并且作主语,故选A项。 14.B 由句意“贝蒂到达北京时将给我打电话。”可知,是由when引导的时间状语从句,该复合句结构为“主句用将来时,从句使用一般现在时”。即“主将从现”。故选B项。

15.A 在if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。

[来源:www.shulihua.net]

中考总复习英语人教版语法专项突破(系统梳理+提升演练)专题十三并列句和复合句(含解析)

语法专项突破专题十三并列句和复合句一、并列句由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子叫并列句。常见分类:1.表示同等、平行或承接关系,常用连词有and,both...and...,notonly...butalso...,neither...nor...,aswellas等。2.表示转折关系,常
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