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C the third older
D the third oldest
26. I’ll contact my office in London straight away and ____ to you. A have the contract faxed B have the contract fax C have faxed the contract
D have been faxing the contract
27. Caroline has never ever broken her promise, ____. A neither had I B nor have I
C not would I D never will I
28 Weather ____, we’ll go for a walk in the woods tomorrow. A to permit B permitted
C permits D permitting
29. If she ____ here next week, we would know her decision. A were to be B will be
C would have been
D is to be
30. The problem is that they are unable to communicate effectively in the language ____ public services are offered. A by which B for which C in which D of which
Part III Reading Comprehension ( 40minutes, 40 points)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Jack’s friend Tony had recently gotten a tattoo （文身）., and Jack was so impressed by Tony’s bravery and his tattoo that he decided to get one too. Why do a lot of young people in North America get tattoos today? Peer pressure, media influence, and personal expression are some of the common reasons.
The desire to be part of a group to be accepted by one’s friends or peers can have a great influence on what a person does. Sometimes, wearing a tattoo can be a sign that you belong to a certain group, Gangs often use special clothes and tattoos to identify their particular group. For example, in one gang all the members may wear green army jackets and have large “Xs” tattooed on their arms. It is not only gangs that have this type of special “uniform”. Young people often 北京市海淀区清华大学紫光大楼206室 客服热线：010-62781166
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belong to a certain group of friends. Some of these groups wear only brand-name clothes. Others wear tattoos. When a person’s friends are all doing something, such as getting a tattoo, that person is more likely to do the same thing, and get a tattoo too.
The media is another big influence behind the popularity of tattoos in North America. A wide variety of media images show tattoos. Tattoos can be seen on people appearing in commercials selling expensive cars. Famous sports heroes with tattoos are shown in magazines. Fashion models are often seen in magazines and on TV wearing designer clothes that show their bodies tattoos with detailed and colorful patterns. These media images link tattoos to ideas of wealth, success, and status. As a result, many people decide to get a tattoo for its fashion and status value.
It is not always the influence of other people or the media that results in a person getting a tattoo. Many people decide to wear tattoos in order to express their artistic nature, their beliefs, or their feelings-in other words, to show their individuality. A musician in a rock band may get a tattoo of a guitar on the arm. Some environmentalists may tattoo pictures of endangered animals on their shoulders. Lovers may tattoo each others’ names over their hearts. A tattoo can be a public sign to show what is important in a person’s life. 31. Jack got a tattoo because of _____. A the influence of friends B the influence of the media C a desire to express himself D a desire to be fashionable
32. Gang members wear the tattoo of “Xs” to show their____. A individuality B power
C sense of honor D sense of belonging
33. Which of the following groups of people are seen wearing tattoos in the media? A Car sellers B Sports stars
C Fashion designers
D Movie stars
34. Which of the following tattoos shows one’s belief? A A musical instrument B A lover’s name
C A picture of endangered species D A brand name
35. The best title for this passage is _____. A Why People Get Tattoos B Tattoos’ New Trend C The Popularity of Tattoos D Tattoos Tell Who You Are
Passage Two
Is the customer always right? The answer, it seems, depends on which country you are in. 北京市海淀区清华大学紫光大楼206室 客服热线：010-62781166
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Shopping is very much a part of a country’s culture, and attitudes to shopping and consumers vary from country to country just as much as climate or taste in food. From the air-conditioned American shopping centers to the street market of African towns, the way we shop shows the way we see ourselves and our relationships with other people.
Business competition in Europe has given consumers increased power. This has meant falling prices, plenty of special offers and a re-examination of what customer service really means. People often point to America as an example of excellent customer service. In restaurants in the south of the USA, for example, waiters compliment you on your clothes, ask about your day, compliment you on the wisdom of your order and then return every ten minutes to refill your glass and make sure that everything is to your satisfaction.
Anyone who has waited 30 minutes to be served in a restaurant might well dream of such attention, but do Europeans really want US style service？As a friend of mine once told me,” By the end of the evening I had spent as much time talking to the waiter as to my wife.” It is a question of expectations. Different nationalities expect different types of service.
A Chinese-American friend loves telling people about how her Chinese mother shops for clothes. “First of all she waits until they are on sale, then she bargains until she gets an even better price and then she finds some small fault with the product and demands a further reduction. She never buys anything at the regular price.” Could you imagine trying such tricks in a department store in your country?
Attitudes to service are, of course, affected by employers’ attitudes to their workers. As American sales and service personnel are heavily reliant on commission and tips, they have more motives to provide more service. But is this fair? Do we think it is fair to ask shop assistants to work late evenings, Sundays and 12 hour shifts? It might not be a case of “Is the customer always right?” but a case of “How much service is it fair to expect?” 36. The way people shop _____. A carries social and cultural values
B reflects the developmental stage of a country C determines the way they socialize
D reveals their social status
37. The word “compliment” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “_____”. A evaluate B criticize C laugh at D praise
38. The remarks of the author’s friend in 3 indicate that Europeans _____. A think highly of the American service
B find it impossible to accept the American service C do not appreciate the America service D will gradually accept the American service
39. Why does the author use the Chinese mother’s shopping experience as an example? A To warn shop assistants of tough customers.
B To teach people how to get better service as customers C To criticize some improper shopping behavior.
D To show how different people’s expectations of service are.
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40. According to the last paragraph, the service quality of American service personnel may depend on ______.
A the customers’ attitude towards them B the amount of commission and tips C the length of their working hours D their working experience
Passage Three
Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one full-time job. The two people willingly act as part-time workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a full-time worker. If they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50 per cent of the job’s wages, its holidays and its other benefits. Of course, some job sharers take a smaller or larger share of the responsibilities of the position, receiving a lesser or greater share of the benefits.
Job sharing differs from conventional part-time work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment.
Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more position to the growing number of unemployed people. Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rather, is to provide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities.
As would be expected, women constitute the bulk of job shares. A survey carried out in 1988 by Britain’s Equal Opportunities Commission revealed that 78 per cent of shares were female, the majority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age. Subsequent studies have come up with similar results. Many of these women were re-entering the job market after having had children, but they chose not to seek part-time work because it would have meant lower status. Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full-time work after a long absence.
The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional one-position jobs. However, to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position. Moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones. In sum, for a position to be job-shared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals. 41. “Employee commitment” in Paragraph 2 refers to the employee’s ____. A qualification B loyalty C experience D achievement
42. Work sharing is different from job sharing in that ____. A it requires more working hours B it provides more work positions
C it depends on the employer’s decision D it offers a more satisfactory salary
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43. Job sharing is popular with young mothers mainly because _____. A they can take care of both work and family B they are over ideal working ages C they seek equal opportunities with men D they have difficulty finding full-time jobs 44. In job sharing the partners should ____. A be social equals B be intimate friends
C know each other very well
D have similar working experience
45. The main purpose of the passage is to ____. A recommend job sharing to women B discuss a way to tackle unemployment C criticize job sharing as inefficient D describe job sharing in general
Passage Four
Americans have a great love for informality and nowhere is this better expressed than in their love for nicknames （昵称、绰号）.Upon greeting strangers for the first time they will quickly introduce themselves by their nickname. These are shortened forms of their given name at birth and reflect the casual relationships which exist among friends and coworkers. Family names are hardly ever used in daily situations and the use of one’s father’s last name is saved only for rare and formal occasions.
In many traditional cultures the use of the family name is seen as a sign of respect. For Americans, however, it’s the nickname which creates an immediate intimacy between two people upon which to build a relationship. By speaking to another on a first name basis and using his nickname, walls are immediately torn down and equality between two people is established. At work bosses will refer to their employees by their nicknames. Should an employer use a worker’s family name, you can be sure that some kind of correction or serious business will follow.
This love for nicknames can create a sense of closeness between people who are otherwise not related. Even the presidents of the United States have borne nicknames. Abraham Lincoln was known as Honest Abe John F.Kennedy was known as Jack or JFK and William Clinton has no reservations in letting people know he prefers to be called Bill, but those who look upon him with disfavor may call him Slick Willy.
Not only people but cities often carry their own nicknames, Chicago is called the “Windy City” because of the strong winds which come down from Canada throughout the year. New York City is considered the “Big Apple” for reasons which are still obscure to most people including many New Yorkers.
Not every nickname, however, is positive and some can be rather rude and insulting. If someone should demonstrate a certain negative characteristic, a label will soon be attached to describe that person in an unpleasant way.
Likewise a person’s physical traits which are very dominant may lead to nicknames but not necessarily to one’s liking or choice. A nickname, therefore, is a way of identifying or describing 北京市海淀区清华大学紫光大楼206室 客服热线：010-62781166
2008-2010在职教育硕士历年考试真题(Ed.M)
