Practice 20
Chronic insomnia (sleeplessness) is a major public health problem. And too many people are using 1 therapies, even while there are a few treatments that do work. Millions of Americans 2 awake at night counting sheep or have a stiff drink or 3 a pill, hoping it will make them sleepy 4 experts agree all that self-medicating is a bad idea, and the causes of chronic insomnia remain 5 . Almost a third of adults have trouble sleeping, and about 10 percent have 6 of daytime impairment that signal true insomnia. But 7 the complaints, scientists know surprisingly little about what causes chronic insomnia, its health consequences and how best to treat it, a panel of specialists 8 together by the National Institutes of Health concluded Wednesday. The panel called 9 a broad range of research into insomnia, 10 that if scientists understood its 11 causes, they could develop better treatments.
Most, but not all, insomnia is thought to 12 other health problems, from arthritis and depression to cardiovascular disease. The question often is whether the insomnia came first or was a result of the other diseases and how trouble sleeping in 13 complicates those other problems. Other diseases 14 , the risk of insomnia seems to increase with age and to be more 15 among women, especially after their 50s. Smoking, caffeine and numerous 16 drugs also affect sleep. The NIH is spending about $200 million this year on sleep-related research, some 17 at specific disorders and others 18 the underlying scientific laws that control the nervous system of sleep. The agency was 19 the panel’s review before deciding what additional work should be 20 at insomnia.
1. [A] unproven [B] unknown [C] improper [D] imperative 2. [A] fall [B] lie [C] seem [D] become 3. [A] prescribe [B] pop [C] abuse [D] experiment 4. [A] And [B] Though [C] Thus [D] But 5. [A] peculiar [B] anonymous [C] mysterious [D] unexpected 6. [A] signals [B] symptoms [C] signs [D] symbols 7. [A] in addition to [B] except for [C] owing to [D] for all 8. [A] pulled [B] collected [C] brought [D] drawn 9. [A] on [B] for [C] up [D] in 10. [A] noting [B] notifying [C] nosing [D] nominating 11. [A] underground [B] underdone [C] underlying [D] understaffed 12. [A] cause [B] accompany [C] follow [D] attend 13. [A] short [B] case [C] essence [D] turn 14. [A] inside [B] outside [C] aside [D] besides 15. [A] common [B] popular [C] frequent [D] regular 16. [A] conscription [B] description [C] subscription [D] prescription 17. [A] ended [B] targeted [C] designated [D] designed 18. [A] examining [B] inspecting [C] verifying [D] assessing 19. [A] conducting [B] awaiting [C] receiving [D] considering 20. [A] assigned [B] charged [C] directed [D] attended
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Practice 21
Last Tuesday, an alliance of government watchdog groups called on the Supreme Court justices to voluntarily adopt the code of conduct that applies to all other federal judges and to reform how they handle requests for recusals (judicial disqualification).
A federal appeals court ruling the next day on the case of a federal trial judge 1 why recusal cannot be left 2 to the judge involved and needs to be reviewed by other jurists. Yet the Court operates with no such 3 , which is critical to 4 confidence in the court’s integrity.
Judge Loren Smith had 5 four oil companies $87.3 million from the federal government in October 2009 to compensate them for their costs in cleaning 6 hazardous waste from World War II. A few weeks later, he told the parties he realized his wife owned shares of stock in the parent company of Texaco and Union Oil, two companies in the 7 . The government 8 a motion to require that Judge Smith recuse himself from the case. He only asked that the claims about the two companies be 9 to another judge. But he said he would 10 control over the judgment for the other two companies in the case, Shell and Arco. The government 11 his partial recusal decision, and the appeals court agreed, saying that the code of conduct required the judge to 12 himself from the entire proceeding 13 he discovered the conflict.
Without limiting its independence, the court could adopt a/an 14 recusal process. Any recusal motion would be sent to both the justice involved and to the chief justice; if the justice decided not to recuse, and if the motion had 15 , the reviewing justice would 16 it to the full court (minus the justice 17 ) for a ruling, with recusal requiring a 18 . This approach would add little to the court’s workload since recusal motions are 19 . But it would add considerably to the court’s 20 with the American public. 1. [A] implies [B] justifies [C] assumes [D] illustrates 2. [A] definitely [B] solely [C] mainly [D] directly 3. [A] mechanism [B] institution [C] routine [D] regulation 4. [A] emphasizing [B] preserving [C] weakening [D] restoring 5. [A] granted [B] allowed [C] funded [D] awarded 6. [A] out [B] off [C] up [D] down 7. [A] event [B] lawsuit [C] court [D] judgement 8. [A] filed [B] adopted [C] carried [D] proposed 9. [A] assigned [B] submitted [C] transferred [D] delivered 10. [A] gain [B] obtain [C] attain [D] retain 11. [A] denied [B] appealed [C] challenged [D] suspected 12. [A] discourage [B] discharge [C] disqualify [D] dismiss 13. [A] as soon as [B] as far as [C] in case that [D] so long as 14. [A] incredible [B] sensible [C] identifiable [D] plausible 15. [A] merit [B] evidence [C] credit [D] privilege 16. [A] recommend [B] represent [C] refer [D] relate 17. [A] in question [B] in doubt [C] at issue [D] at hand 18. [A] minority [B] majority [C] major [D] minor 19. [A] negligible [B] incontrovertible [C] negotiable [D] rare 20. [A] authorization [B] credibility [C] entitlement [D] qualification
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Practice 22
People of all colors and ethnicities blush at a basic physiological level—that is to say, human facial veins dilate in response to subtle psychosocial cues. But for some groups of people, a white skin often 1 rather embarrassingly like an objective 2 of subjective discomfort. And there’s not much you do about it, either: blushing is 3 and uncontrollable. The good news is that 4 it may cause you some annoyance, blushing appears to 5 a functional purpose. Recent findings by Dutch psychologists reveal that if you 6 find yourself in an unpleasant situation, after, say, committing a social offence, the presence or absence of blushing can help 7 if you’ll be forgiven by others. 8 , these findings are among the first to 9 the adaptive significance of the blushing display—what Charles Darwin 10 to as “the most peculiar and most human of all expressions.”
The authors claim that blushing serves to 11 the actor’s genuine regret 12 a wrongdoing. 13 the possibility of being deceived, it would have been rather foolish of our ancestors to 14 at face value a person’s verbal or behavioral expressions of regret. 15 , over tens of thousands of years, uncontrollable blushing would have 16 as a fairly reliable predictor of the actor’s future behavior. In other words, if the behavior or situation at 17 made the person feel so uncomfortable that his or her facial veins dilated—a physiological 18 that for many people is 19 by a somewhat unpleasant tingling sensation—the blusher would probably avoid 20 that behavior in the future. 1. [A] wanders [B] acts [C] speaks [D] sounds 2. [A] hint [B] reflection [C] clue [D] gauge 3. [A] unwilling [B] involuntary [C] artificial [D] unexpected 4. [A] although [B] since [C] unless [D] lest 5. [A] perform [B] reinforce [C] serve [D] display 6. [A] instead [B] never [C] even [D] ever 7. [A] fix [B] probe [C] determine [D] assure 8. [A] Imaginatively [B] Surprisingly [C] Fortunately [D] Particularly 9. [A] exploit [B] address [C] ignore [D] create 10. [A] referred [B] replied [C] responded [D] related 11. [A] highlight [B] amplify [C] signal [D] moderate 12. [A]over [B]of [C]on [D]about 13. [A] Given [B] Despite [C] Granted [D] Regarding 14. [A] judge [B] reckon [C] stare [D] take 15. [A] However [B] Instead [C] Therefore [D] Furthermore 16. [A] functioned [B] deemed [C] survived [D] evolved 17. [A] issue [B] doubt [C] hand [D] dispute 18. [A] performance [B] reference [C] evidence [D] response 19. [A] followed [B] attended [C] triggered [D] stimulated 20. [A] conducting [B] terminating [C] repeating [D] justifying
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Practice 23
When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money. He may 1 the repayment of the money at any time, either 2 cash or by drawing a check in favor of another person. 3 , the banker-customer relationship is that of debtor and creditor who is 4 depending on whether the customer’s account is 5 credit or is overdrawn. But, in 6 to that basically simple concept, the bank and its customer 7 a large number of obligations to one another. Many of these obligations can give 8 to problems and complications but a bank customer, unlike, say, a buyer of goods, cannot complain that the law is 9 against him. The bank must 10 its customer’s instructions, and not those of anyone else. 11 , for example, a customer opens an account, he instructs the bank to debit his account only in 12 of checks drawn by himself. He gives the bank 13 of his signature, and there is a very firm rule that the bank has no right or 14 to pay out a customer’s money 15 a check on which its customer’s signature has been 16 . It makes no difference that the forgery may have been a very 17 one: the bank must recognize its customer’s signature. For this reason there is no 18 to the customer in the practice, 19 by banks, of printing the customer’s name on his checks. If this 20 forgery, it is the bank that will lose, not the customer. 1. [A] acquire [B] deposit [C] demand [D] derive 2. [A] for [B] through [C] as [D] in 3. [A] However [B] Primarily [C] Moreover [D] Presumably 4. [A] which [B] what [C] how [D] that 5. [A] on [B] with [C] in [D] for 6. [A] support [B] contrast [C] regard [D] addition 7. [A] owe [B] commit [C] attribute [D] apply 8. [A] purpose [B] rise [C] priority [D] thought 9. [A] loaded [B] protected [C] discriminated [D] directed 10. [A] conform [B] comply [C] obey [D] abide 11. [A] Unless [B] Although [C] Since [D] When 12. [A] respect [B] charge [C] line [D] place 13. [A] specifications [B] signs [C] symbols [D] specimens 14. [A] reputation [B] prestige [C] authority [D] impact 15. [A] by [B] on [C] with [D] for 16. [A] carved [B] confirmed [C] forged [D] justified 17. [A] delicate [B] skillful [C] unusual [D] unique 18. [A] risk [B] guarantee [C] fault [D] benefit 19. [A] engaged [B] intended [C] adapted [D] adopted 20. [A] contributes [B] facilitates [C] results [D] leads
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Practice 24
Our society seems to be gripped with an idea that the media plays a substantial role in the attitudes, behavior and fitness of youth today. If a child beats another child to death with a wrench or shoots a classmate, it is the 1 TV programs which they watch that are to 2 , not the parents or the supervisors who are 3 to be there to make sure their kids do the right thing. As cliché as it may 4 , it has been rightly said all things have their good as well as bad 5 . In the similar 6 media also has its good as well as bad influence on youth. Well these were the negative influence of media on youth. Now we focus on the 7 aspects of media. Media plays a very important role in creating 8 . There are certain issues which remain 9 among youngsters as they feel guarded concerning it. Media helps in providing information regarding such topics. There are many such topics that are 10 by the media. The current one that can be talked about is the quota system in colleges. Media created awareness that how 11 was being done with 12 candidates due to reservations in colleges. There was 13 taken out by students in order to object 14 this bias discrimination. Media being one of the important means to 15 to the masses and influence their thinking and decision making, only to the positive media cannot attract 16 of the masses, and to 17 viewership, negative media has to be 18 to balance out and attract the masses, but a 19 has to be drawn between the positive and the negative media in the 20 of the younger generation. 1. [A] vast [B] bewildering [C] overwhelming [D] violent 2. [A] function [B] blame [C] condemn [D] impair 3. [A] obliged [B] supposed [C] tempted [D] doomed 4. [A] allege [B] claim [C] sound [D] prove 5. [A] effects [B] aspects [C] indicators [D] attributes 6. [A] method [B] token [C] tendency [D] conduct 7. [A] alternative [B] tentative [C] primitive [D] affirmative 8. [A] awareness [B] illusion [C] expectation [D] sentiment 9. [A] untouched [B] unimaginable [C] unexplained [D] unavailable 10. [A] ignored [B] considered [C] highlighted [D] discarded 11. [A] prejudice [B] inconsistency [C] injustice [D] distrust 12. [A] potential [B] deserving [C] ambitious [D] eloquent 13. [A] procession [B] collision [C] indignation [D] friction 14. [A] versus [B] despite [C] beyond [D] regarding 15. [A] level out [B] get out [C] reach out [D] make out 16. [A] attention [B] alert [C] concern [D] intention 17. [A] magnify [B] expect [C] expand [D] gain 18. [A] mobilized [B] assigned [C] merged [D] incorporated 19. [A] comparison [B] distinction [C] line [D] barrier 20. [A] benefit [B] interest [C] profit [D] advantage
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考研英语完形填空专项练习(含答案)
