? ?
C． of you D． for you 【答案】D
【解析】本题考查不定式的逻辑主语。形容词essential不是表示人的品质、行为的词，故选择for you而不是of you。如果选择A应该把题干中空格后的to去掉，即essential后接用虚拟语气的从句。
【知识点】不定式的逻辑主语
(2)But it's impossible to measure ourselves against others because the changes that come with puberty are different for everyone.（承上启下句、主题句） Some people start developing early; others are late bloomers. Some get a temporary layer of fat to prepare for a growth spurt（急剧增长）; others fill out permanently, and still others feel like they stay skinny no matter how much they eat. (3)It all depends on how our genes have programmed our bodies to act.（承上总结句） The changes that come with puberty can affect how both girls and guys feel about themselves. Some girls may feel uncomfortable or
embarrassed about their maturing bodies. Others may wish that they were developing faster. Girls may feel pressure to be thin but guys may feel like they don't look big or muscular enough. 本部分重点及难点：
2. But it's impossible to measure ourselves against others because the changes that come with puberty are different for everyone.
measure oneself against ... 对照……评价自己，一较高下，与……较量
3. It all depends on how our genes have programmed our bodies to act. (1) depend on 取决于 It depends. 看情况吧。
(2) program 使按预定的步骤进行
our genes have programmed our bodies to act 我们的基因已经设定好了身体将如何成长
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Outside Influences
It's not just development that affects self-esteem, though. Many other factors (like media images of skinny girls and bulked-up guys) can affect a person's body image too.
Family life can sometimes influence self-esteem. Some parents spend more time criticizing their kids and the way they look than praising them, which can reduce kids' ability to develop good self-esteem. People also may experience negative comments and hurtful teasing about the way they look from classmates and peers. Sometimes racial and ethnic prejudice is the source of such comments. Although these often come from ignorance, sometimes they can affect someone's body image and self-esteem. 5 Healthy Self-Esteem
If you have a positive body image, you probably like and accept yourself the way you are. This healthy attitude allows you to explore other aspects of growing up, such as developing good friendships, growing more independent from your parents, and challenging
yourself physically and mentally. Developing these parts of yourself can help boost your self-esteem.
A positive, optimistic attitude can help people develop strong
self-esteem. For example, saying, \I'm such a loser\when things don't go as expected.
Knowing what makes you happy and how to meet your goals can help you feel capable, strong, and in control of your life. A positive attitude and a healthy lifestyle (such as exercising and eating right) are a great combination for building good self-esteem. 6 Tips for Improving Your Body Image
Some people think they need to change how they look or act to feel good about themselves. But actually all you need to do is change the way you see your body and how you think about yourself.
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?
The first thing to do is recognize that your body is your own, no matter what shape, size, or color it comes in. If you're very worried about your weight or size, check with your doctor to verify that things are OK. But it's no one's business but your own what your body is like. Ultimately, you have to be happy with yourself.
Next, identify which aspects of your appearance you
can realistically change and which you can't. Everyone (even the most perfect-seeming（表面上）celeb) has things about themselves that they can't change and need to accept, like their height, for example, or their shoe size.
(4)If there are things about yourself that you want to change and can (such as how fit you are), do this by making goals for yourself. For example, if you want to get fit, make a plan to exercise every day and eat nutritious foods. Then keep track of your progress until you reach your goal. Meeting a challenge you set for yourself is a great way to boost self-esteem! 本部分重点及难点
4. If there are things about yourself that you want to change and can (such as how fit you are), do this by making goals for yourself. do sth. for oneself
Good students should learn to think for themselves. do sth. by oneself
Because there was nobody else, he had to do it by himself. live to oneself
He bought a house near his widowed mother's because he didn't want her to live to herself.
请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！
【单选题】25. You are over 18 now, so try to carry out the task ______ oneself. That is, please try to do it _______.
A． by, independent
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? ? ?
B． for, independently C． to, dependently D． in, dependently 【答案】B
【解析】本题考查for / to / by oneself及dependently / independently。for oneself相当于independently，强调主观能动性，意为\独立地\；by oneself相当于alone，强调客观含义，意为\独自地\。故本题选择B，句意为\你已经超过18岁了，所以尽量独立完成这样任务。也就是说，请独立做这件事。\
【知识点】for / to / by oneself及dependently / independently 重点知识补充：构词法
英语单词的构成有一定的规律，这种规律称为构词法。掌握构词法知识对我们更好地理解词义、认识新词和扩大词汇量有重要意义。
构词法主要有三种：派生法、合成法和转换法。
一、派生法
在一个词的词根前面或后面加上某个词缀来产生新词，这种构词法称为派生法。词缀分为前缀和后缀。
（一）后缀：
许多名词、形容词、副词和动词是由词根加后缀构成的。 1.构成名词的常用后缀有： （1）-er, -or, -ist, -ee, -ian, -ese, -ant等用于构成表示人或物的名称。 如:writer, translator, trainee, employee, scientist, physicist, musician, physician, Italian, Asian, Chinese, assistant等。 （2）-ance, -ence, -(a)tion, -sion, -al, -ing, -ity, -ment, -th, -ty, -ure, -ship等用于构成表示行为、性质、状态等的抽象名词。
如：acceptance, assistance, dependence, confidence, repetition,
preparation, discussion, division, arrival, survival, approval, disapproval, building, reality, simplicity, ability, rapidity, regularity, argument,
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warmth, length, growth, safety, leadership, failure, pressure, friendship等。
（3）其他名词后缀：-hood, -ness, -ology, -phy。
如：childhood, neighborhood（附近，街坊）, motherhood（母性，母亲身份）, kindness, happiness, sadness, biology, psychology, philosophy, geography
2. 构成形容词的常用后缀有：-able, -ible, -al, -ful, -less, -ish, -ive, -ous, -an, -ic, -ly, -y, -ant, -ent, -ary, -en等。
如：available, suitable, responsible, natural, national, powerful, helpful, faithful, successful, fearless, useless, helpless, selfless, selfish, childish, decisive, famous, continuous, African, American, European, scientific, historic, friendly, lively, thirsty, noisy, pleasant, dependent, consistent（一贯的）, imaginary, golden, wooden等。
3. 构成动词的常用后缀有：-ise/ize, -en, -ify等。 如：modernize, realize, widen, strengthen, beautify, modify（修饰）等。 4. 构成副词的后缀有：-ly, -ward(s), -wise。例如：completely, rarely, truly, simply, backward(s), forward(s), clockwise, likewise同样地
（二）前缀
1. 表示相反意义的前缀有：un-, dis, -in, -im, -ir, -il, -de等。
如：unhappy, unreasonable, uncomfortable, uncover（揭露）, unload（卸货）, dislike（注意比较unlike）, dishonest, disagree, informal, inaccurate, inactive, imbalanced, impossible, immobile, irregular, irresponsible, illegal, illogical, devalue（贬值）等。 2. 表示其他意思的前缀有：
anti-: 表示\反\，\反对\antisocial 反社会的 anto-: 表示\自己的\autobiography 自传 bi-: 表示\二\自
bilingual 双语的
行车；
bio-: 表示\生物的\
biochemical 生化的
biology 生物学；
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2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit12(完整资料).doc
