Brief Summary of Stylistics
General
Stylisticsis the sciencewhich explores how readers interact with the languages of texts in order to explain how we understand and are affected by texts when we read them. The stylistic mainly
concerns about the examination of
grammar, lexis, semantics, as well as
phonological properties and discursive
devices. It’s developing and not come
to maturity now.
According to different standards,the stylistics mainly divide into two major types ：linguistic stylistics and literary stylistics. And there are many school of stylistics such as lingvo-stylistics,literary stylistics, applied stylistics, contrastive
stylistics, applied stylistics and so on.
In the basic notions of stylistics, the
通述
文体学是为一门教我们怎么更好的
使用语言的一门学科，主要关注语法，
词汇，语义，语音特征和表达手段。
文体学目前是不完善的，处于发展阶
段。
根据不同的标准，文体学分为两大
类：普通文体学和文学文体学 .并且文 体学有许多不同的学派，如形式文体
学，话语文体学，文学文体学，应用
文体学，社会文体学，认知文体学，
比较文体学等。
在文体学的基本概念中，
expressive means and the stylistic devices
should be noticed. Expressive means of
the language are units of different
languagelevels:phonetic, morphological,
word-building,
syntactic,
lexical,
phraseological,which serve the purpose of logical and emotional intensification of the utterances. A stylistic device is a generalized pattern, which activates a conscious and intentional intensification of a certain property of a languageunit, designed to achieve a particular artistic effect.
Stylistics origins from the ancient
classicalrhetoric, especiallythe rhetoric
of Aristotle. But the modern stylistics
roots in Russian Formalism and the
related Prague School of the early
twentieth century. In the early twentieth century, the famous person of stylistics is Charles Bally and in the late twentieth century is Roman Jakobson.
值得注意的是表达方式和文体手段。
表达方式是表述特定内容所使用的特
定的语言方法，手段。文体手段为达
成特定的艺术效果所普遍认可的特定
组合。
文体学起源于古老的经典修辞学，
特别是亚里士多德的修辞论 .但现代文
体学起源于俄罗斯的形式主义和 20世
纪早期的相关的布拉格学派。 20 世纪
早期的代表人物是法国的巴特利， 20 世纪晚期的则是罗曼雅各布森。
It is clear that the Stylistics has much
contacts with Rhetoric,.Rhetoric is the art
of discourse, an art that aims to improve
the capability of writers or speakersto
inform, persuade,or motivate particular
audiencesin specific situations. Its best
known definition comes from Aristotle,
who considers it a counterpart of both
logic and politics, and calls i“t the faculty
of observing in any given case the
available means of persuasio”n.
Rhetoric
About the history of Rhetoric, Rhetoric
at least the Middle Kingdom period .The
Egyptians held eloquent speaking in high esteem, and it was a skill that had a very high value in their society.
文体学和修辞学密不可分。修辞，
是依据题旨情景，运用各种表现手段
方法，对语言材料进行加工，提高语
言表达效果的一种活动，而研究这种
提高语言表达效果规律的科学，就叫
做修辞学。西方修辞学发展史上，真
正将修辞界定为一门学科的人是亚里
士多德，他将修辞学界定为”在每一
件事上发现 可用的 说服手段的能
力。”
修辞学
修辞起源于美索不达米亚 .在古埃及，
(完整版)文体学课堂总结
